Pyli
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Pyli (Πύλη) is a municipality in the Trikala Prefecture, Greece and has a population of 4,492 (2001) (including its municipal prefectures ). Situated 18km west of Trikala, right at the bottom of two mountains Itamos, and Koziakas, which mark the beginning of the Pindos mountainline, Pyli marks the entrance to a great gorge and the natural path that leads to the city of Arta. The river Portaikos runs through this location, and joins the river Lithaios, Trikala's major river and a side-river to river Pineios. The municipality of Pyli contains 6 municipal prefectures, but the town itself has a population of about 2,000. Most inhabitants are either self-employed in small business establishments or work in Trikala. Agriculture and animal herding as an occupation has been largely abandoned, though the surrounding area is ideal for both (mountainous and flat terrain). Pyli had always been the major trade center for the surrounding settlements and is full of interesting monuments and beautiful scenery.
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[edit] History
The settlement of Pyli has been referenced since antiquity. It is first mentioned in the work of Pausanias, Description of Greece (Hellados Periegesis), a travel and cultural guide of ancient Greece, referenced as "Great Gates", because the location is a natural passage between Epirus and Thessaly. There also was a temple devoted to Aphaia Athina in the surrounding area, whose ruins can be still seen. It is also recorded that Alexander the Great passed through Epirus and came to Thessaly through Pyli, in order to ensure Thessaly's support in his plans (which was succesfull, the cavalry of Thessaly became notorious in Alexander's campaign). It was also later revisited by King Philip of Macedonia the Fifth.
During the Greco-Roman times, the location was found to be of strategic importance and the castle of Athinaion was used as an outpost, enabling monitoring of the plains in distances of up to 30 or 40 km (the famous Meteora are visible on a clear day from these outposts). In Byzantine times, after the first fall of Constantinople in 1204 A.D., various independent feifs had emerged, one of the most notable being the Despotat of Mystra, which sovereigned over the whole of Epirus, Thessaly and most of Central Greece.
During those times, one of the most notable churches of the era was constructed, the basilica of Porta Panagia. It was built on top of the ruins of an ancient temple (probably a temple dedicated to Apollo), a practice common at the times. Pieces of marble from the original temple can still be seen inside and outside of the church, and restoration of the original temple is practically impossible without destroying the church which in itself is of great cultural and historical value. Services are still held there but only on special occasions and holidays (for instance in the 23rd of August, on the occasion of Virgin Mary's ninth day memorial).
In later days during the era under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the town had prospered and while it had originally been situated in the north side of the river Portaikos, it is mentioned in the writings of Cosmas of Aetolia that he visited Pyli, and the residents gave no heed to his teachings. It is said that he cursed Pyli and its residents (then known as Porta), and they relocated to the south bank, where Pyli stands today. During the Ottoman era, Ali-Pasha, the Pasha of Ioannina, rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and tried to turn Epirus into an independent caliphate. During his campaign, his army camped briefly at Pyli, and lit a very large and venerable platanus, which was badly burnt, but survived due to its large and strong roots, and still survives to this day. During World War II, the area came under the authority of Italian occupation forces, and during the years 1943-1944 under German occupation forces, which set fire to the monastery of the Dormition of Theotokos, believing that rebel forces of the ELAS were in hiding there.
In modern years, Pyli has been the local trading and education center for the surrounding villages and settlements, especially those situated in the mountainous area west of Pyli. Since Thessaly was merged into the Kingdom of Greece in 1888, Pyli was always intensely populated and bristling with activity, being characterized as a 'small town' and electing a mayor of its own. With the Kapodistrias enactement in the late 90s, Pyli officially became a municipality with 6 municipal prefectures under its jurisdiction, St. Vissarion, Ropoto, Palaiokarya, Petrohori, St. Prokopios and Kotroni.
[edit] Monuments
A place of great historic importance due mainly to its strategic location as well its unique landscape, Pyli boasts a large number of monuments, especially considering its size.
- The basilica of Porta Panagia that dates back to 1264, on the north bank of the river Portaikos
The basilica of Porta Panagia today- The basilica of Porta Panagia was the catholic of the monastery of the Irresistible Theotokos and is dedicated to the Dormition of Theotokos. It was built in 1283 by Ioannis Aggelos Komninos Doukas (Ιωάννης Άγγελος Κομνηνός Δούκας), the illegal son of the despot of Mystra, Michail Doukas the Second (Μιχαήλ Β' Δούκας). The church is divided into two parts, the main church and the outer section. The main church is a three section cross roofed basilica, while the outer section is a cross shaped escribed dome. There are still pieces of marble decoration and structured that date back to the original ancient temple on top of which the church was built, but most were destroyed in a fire in 1855. The icons are also in need of restoration but they are still visible, though another fire in 1980 nearly destroyed them totally.
- The monastery of St. Vissarion, were women are not allowed to enter and has a total of 365 cells for the monks, situated on the mountain of Koziakas
The monastery as seen from the east face- The monastery was reestablished by St. Vissarion somewhere between 1527 and 1535. The church that still stands today was built from scratch in 1557 by the archbishop of Larissa Neophyte the Second, and the bishops of Dimitriad, Joseph, Litzas, Luke and Fanari, Martyrios. The church of the monastery is situated where the church St. Vissarion built with the help of his brother, Ignatios. The iconography was completed in November, 1557 by the painter Giorgi from Constantinople. The monastery was one of the richest and most active of the area. It has 366 cells, dining halls, land property in Romania, a rich library with important manuscripts (most of which currently reside in the Athens National Library). In 1823 the monastery was looted by Soultze Kortja, and in 1943 it was bombed twice, by the Italians and the Germans.
- The monastery of Theotokos, at the Gkoura location, situated on the mountain of Itamos
Image:Goura.JPGThe monastery of Gkoura
- Right on top of the town of Pyli at a height of 640m, on a ledge on the mountain of Itamos, is situated a womens monastery dedicated to the Dormition of Theotokos. The monastery was founded in 1743 with funds from the archon Dhmakhs, from the village Chaliki of the area of Aspropotamos. In 1770 the monastery was looted by the Turks, in 1823 it was burnt from Soultze Kortja, and in 1854 it was destroyed again. In 1864 it was rebuilt in order to be set ablaze again in May 11th, 1878 by the Turks, because it was used as a rebel stronghold during their attack against Mouzaki. It was built anew in 1893 by the newly appointed chief of the monastery, Meletios Karanikas. In 1943 it was bombed and burnt by the Germans and in 1960 its church crumbled down. In 1961 nuns were reinstalled in the monastery, and since then it has steadily bloomed. Today it is a small and picturesque monastery, especially when in celebration.
- The ancient castle of Athinaion.
- This ancient castle is at an altitude of 1356m, near the monastery of Theotokos at Gkoura. It was built somewhere between the 5th and 1st century B.C. It was taken over by King Philip of Macedonia the Fifth, in 189 B.C., during his campaign against the Athamans. It was destroyed in 46 B.C. by Julius Ceasar. There is a mountain path to the castle.
- The arched bridge at the Pouri location, which is considered to mark the end of the mountains and the beginning of the settlement, a classic example of stonemasonry of the era it was build (1514)
This arched bridge was built in 1514 by St. Vissarion, and up to 1936 was the only link between the plains of Thessaly and the villages of Pindos. It is 67m long, 2.05m wide, 30.5m high at the the center and its breast wall is 0.7m high. According to the tradition, because St. Vissarion had no money with which to pay the craftsmen, they stopped work on the bridge. A bear then presented itself, which helped to carry the raw materials but also led the chief craftsman to move a large boulder and uncover a treasure. So the workers were paid and the bridge was completed. According to the same tradition, it was St. Vissarion who first crossed the bridge, and threw the chief craftsman's mallet a few kilometers away, and were the mallet was found, the monastery of St. Vissarion was built (in the north bank of the river, were presently the settlement of St. Vissarion or locally known as Dousiko (Δούσικο) is situated).
[edit] Climate
The climate in Pyli is worth mentioning since it has characteristics of both the plains and the mountainous regions of Thessaly. It is generally wet in the winter, with regular snowfalls each year averaging 30-40cm of snow. There are also frequent rains, and low temperatures. In the summer it is arid and hot, though there are occasional buffs of cool breezes coming from the mountains. The surrounding forests and the river foliage of platanus trees provide small pockets of relief in the summer, so Pyli is a favourite stopover for many people from Trikala and the surrounding villages who are in search of some shade.
[edit] Facilities
Pyli though being a small town has all the amenities one could ask for. Two major banks have branches there (National Bank of Greece, ATE Bank), there is a post office, a Health Center (a small healthcare facility with doctors on standby for emergencies), a fire department, an OTE local branch, pharmacies, super markets & mini marts, a large clothing store, as well as a couple of Internet Cafes. There's a multitude of small shops and generally all everyday needs are well catered for.
[edit] Lodging
Lodging in Pyli is provided by two hotels, Hotel Pyli (on the north bank of Portaikos), and Hotel Babanara (in the center of Pyli). The total amount of beds is about 100, and though in the winter it is generally easy to find a room, it is good practice to book in advance in the summer, since there are many regular visitors in the past few years. Both hotels offer good lodging in quite low prices.
[edit] Entertainment
Being a local center Pyli attracts quite a lot of people from neighbouring villages, settlements and its municipal prefectures. Thus, it has quite a few cafes that turn into night clubs in the evening, and actually even cater to specific tastes. Art Cafe is a modern, stylish cafe located right in the center of Pyli, playing casual pop hits, and a mixed selection of dance hits in the evening. Sfentona is a rock cafe, situated in the central pedestrian street of Pyli, where you can listen to classic and new wave rock favorites. Cafe La Porta opposite the City Hall is noted for its loud music and dance club atmosphere at night time, but also offers a nice view of the main road during coffee hour. There are also nice places to eat out, like Xagiati, Strofilia and the rustic Xantziaras situated right beside the venerable platanus tree, which signifies the old center of Pyli. There are also smaller, harder to notice places that usually cater to the needs of regular old-timers.
Located on the borders of Pyli are also Tzaki, a family owned and run restaurant with a home environment and quite a large yard, Club Neromylos situated in the ruins of an old family watermill, with running water and small canals forming its environment, under a canopy of platanus trees that provide the best shade for miles, literally. Right beside the arched bridge, you can also find two other cafes with a great view of the bridge and the encircling mountains, as well as access to the now tranquil riverbed, soon to be devoid of water to the Acheloos redirection, a major irrigation public work for Thessaly, which is nearing completion.
Pyli with its convenient location is also a preferable stopover for those who wish to continue on to the mountainous areas of Pindos, visit Elati (locally known as Tyrna) and the snow center at Pertouli, hike in the ranges of Vlaha, and generally pass to Epirus. It also offers easy access to Trikala, where an even larger multitude of entertainment opportunities can be found.
[edit] Transportation
There are regular buses almost every hour from and to Trikala, and you can also get tickets from and to Pyli directly from either Athens or Thessaloniki. Buses also provide access to the surrounding areas quite frequently (at least once a day), and there is a local cab service available.
[edit] Sports
There is a mountaineering club that organizes hikes and trips to mountains all over Greece, as well as rock climbing in the encircling mountain cliffs.
[edit] Links
- The website of the Cultural Club of Pyli
- The official website of the town of Pyli
- The municipality of Trikala official website
- A news and guide site for the prefecture of Trikala
[edit] References
"Trikala - Kalampaka - Meteora - Pindos - Chasia, Geography - History - Monuments - Tourism", Theodoros A. Nhmas, Kyriakidhs Brothers Publishing House, Thessaloniki, 1987
Original book title (in greek) "Τρίκαλα - Καλαμπάκα - Μετέωρα - Πίνδος - Χάσια, Γεωγραφία - Ιστορία - Μνημεία - Τουρισμός", Θεόδωρος Α. Νημάς, Εκδοτικός Οίκος Αφοί Κυριακίδη, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1987
