Pure mate

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This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
Image:chess_zhor_26.png
Image:chess_zver_26.png
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
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Image:chess_zhor_26.png

A pure mate is a checkmating position in chess in which the mated king and all vacant squares in its field are attacked only once, and squares in the king's field occupied by friendly units are not also attacked by the mating side (unless such a unit is necessarily pinned to the king to avoid it interposing to block the check or capturing of mating unit).

Such a mate occurs in the Evergreen Game, Anderssen-Dufresne, 1852; the final position is shown to the right. The black king is attacked only by the bishop on e7; the e7 and g7 squares are attacked only by the pawn on f6; the e8 square is attacked only by the bishop on d7; and the rook on g8 and pawn on f7 which stop the black king moving to those squares are not also attacked by white pieces.

Pure mates are of only incidental interest in practical play, but they are considered by some to add value to a chess problem.

If all units of the mating side, with the possible exception of the king and pawns, are involved in a pure mate, then it is a model mate; if all units of both colours are involved in a pure mate, then it is an ideal mate.

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