Prozorovsky
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Princes Prozorovsky (Russian: Прозоровскиe) were a Russian noble family of Rurikid stock descending from medieval rulers of Yaroslavl and Mologa. Their name is derived from the village of Prozorovo near Mologa, which used to be their only votchina in the 15th century.
During the Muscovite period of Russian history, the most eminent member of the family was Prince Ivan Semyonovich Prozorovsky, a boyar's son and boyar himself, who happened to govern Astrakhan at the time of Stenka Razin's uprising. When the rebels took the city, they had him defenestrated from a kremlin tower. His little son was hung upside down on the city wall (1670). Ivan's inglorious death only added to the family standing, and six of his nephews became boyars during the early reign of Peter the Great.
Prince Ivan Andreyevich Prozorovsky, an Elizabethan general-in-chief, helped launch the military career of his son-in-law, Alexander Suvorov. The latter's life with Princess Daria Prozorovskaya was never peaceful. They separated early, and the Generalissimo never recognized her son Arkady Suvorov as his own.
Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Prozorovsky (1732-1809) was the only Field Marshal from the family. He gained distinction in the Seven Years' War and the conquest of Crimea. Prozorovsky's career was furthered by his maternal Galitzine relatives, who helped him to get appointed to the office of Kursk's governor in 1780. He resigned two years later and spent the following years at his country estates. In 1790 he returned to the active service as the Governor General of Moscow. Emperor Paul, however, couldn't get along with him and discharged Prozorovsky from his office. His ancient services were recalled in 1808, when the Russian army resumed its hostilities against Turkey, and Prozorovsky became its Commander-in-Chief. His reputation suffered a blow when his storm of Brailov ended in his army being repelled at enormous loss of life on Russian side. The old and ailing general asked Alexander I to dispatch a younger and more energetic Mikhail Kutuzov to his aid. Two months later, when Prozorovsky's army was crossing the Danube, the Field-Marshal died. His body was transported to St Petersburg and interred in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
In 1870, the Prozorovsky family became extinct in a male line. 16 years earlier, Emperor Nicholas I had authorized Prince Alexander Fyodorovich Galitzine (1810-98) to take the name and arms of his maternal grandfather, Field-Marshal Alexander Prozorovsky. Galitzine's line became extinct in 1914, with the death of his only son, Prince Alexander Galitzine-Prozorovsky (1853-1914).
