Protonema

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A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of a bryophyte life cycle. When a moss or liverwort first grows from the spore, it grows as a protonema which developes into a leafy gametophore. Protonemata are characteristic of all mosses and some liverworts but are absent from hornworts.

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