Project 664 class torpedo boat
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The project 664 (NATO reporting name Wisla) class were the Polish torpedo boats, designed in Poland in the 1970s. They were ones of few vessels of this size, powered by a gas turbine, and could achieve a great speed.
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[edit] Development:
In the late 1950s the Polish Navy decided to develop fast torpedo boats of own design, to supplement Soviet-origin project 183 (P-6) class torpedo boats. It was decided to use a gas turbine as a propulsion and arm them with four torpedo tubes. Due to lack of previous experience in designing such crafts, a development was very long. In order to test a technology, a single experimental project 663D torpedo boat was built, ORP Błyskawiczny. Her building started in 1961 and she entered service in 1965. Trials revealed some faults, and further works were carried out. A result were boats of the final project 664. They shared a similar silhouette, hull shape and a propulsion of 4 diesel engines and a gas turbine TM-1 in CODAG arrangement. The gas turbine itself was an adaptation of a licence-built Klimov VK-1 aircraft jet engine. The gas turbine was used at speeds above 12 knots.
From 1968, eight boats were built in Stocznia Północna (Northern Shipyard) in Gdańsk. They were given numbers from KTD-452 to KTD-459 (an abbreviation of kuter torpedowy duży - "torpedo boat, large") and names.
[edit] Service
The boats entered service in the Polish Navy in 1971-1972, and were assigned to the 3rd Navy Flotilla (along with ORP Błyskawiczny).
The design was overally not successful. First of all, hulls, made of hydronalium (aluminium alloy), had small durability, especially when sailing on high speed on a rough sea, what resulted in cracks. A propulsion was not optimal - a gas turbine was not economical, what limited range, and there were problems with gears of paired engines. The boats were very compact, but were not comfortable for crews, with crampy room, noise and vibrations. Their advantage was a very high top speed, however limited by a sea condition.
Due to service problems and wear, project 664 class boats were relatively quickly phased out in the 1980s, after 9 to 14 years of service.
The only one preserved was ORP Odważny - in 1990 it was given to the White Eagle Museum in Skarżysko-Kamienna. Its original twin 30 mm AK-230 gun is however replaced with twin 25 mm 2M-3M gun.
[edit] Specifications
- Length: 24.76 m
- Beam: 7.79 m
- Draft: 1.61 m
- Displacement: 94 t standard, 128 t full
- Propulsion:
- 4 M-50F3 diesel engines, 1200PS each and 1 TM-1 gas turbine, 5132 PS sustained power, 7200 PS max power, in CODAG arrangement
- 4 propeller shafts
- Range:410 nm at 16 kts
- Speed:49.28 kts max, 43 kts max sustained, 28 kts travel
- Sensors
- MR-102 surveillance and torpedo fire control radar
- Armament:
- Twin AK-230 gun with Kolonka optical sight, 1000 rounds of ammunition
- 4 533mm torpedo tubes, 4 torpedoes
- Minelaying capabilities: 2 aft torpedo tubes can be exchanged with ramps for 2 AMD-1000 or 4 AMD-500 or 20 JaM naval mines
- Complement:
- 20 officers and enlisted
[edit] List of boats
| Number | Name | Laid | Launched | Com- missioned |
Decom- missioned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KTD-452 | ORP Bitny | 15. 08. 1968 | 15. 09. 1969 | 20. 1. 1972 | 31. 1. 1986 |
| KTD-453 | ORP Bystry | 20. 2. 1969 | 29. 3. 1970 | 20. 1. 1972 | 31. 12. 1983 |
| KTD-454 | ORP Dzielny | 15. 12. 1969 | 20. 10. 1970 | 22. 7. 1972 | 31. 12. 1981 |
| KTD-455 | ORP Dziarski | 16. 6. 1970 | 30. 11. 1971 | 20. 10. 1972 | 31. 12. 1984 |
| KTD-456 | ORP Sprawny | 23. 11. 1970 | 29. 5. 1972 | 13. 1. 1973 | 15. 11. 1986 |
| KTD-457 | ORP Szybki | 16. 12. 1971 | 29. 9. 1972 | 28. 4. 1973 | 31. 8. 1984 |
| KTD-458 | ORP Odważny | 7. 4. 1972 | 21. 2. 1973 | 15. 9. 1973 | 31. 1. 1986 |
| KTD-459 | ORP Odporny | 8. 8. 1972 | 31. 5. 1973 | 17. 11. 1973 | 15. 11. 1986 |
[edit] References
- Teodor Makowski, Robert Rochowicz: Polskie kutry torpedowe - jednostki seryjne in: Morze, Statki i Okręty nr 2/2006 (Polish language)
