Private community

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Further information: Private club

A private community is one in which the members join voluntarily. They can be an association or a proprietary organization.

Associations include condominiums, residential associations, and cooperatives. Examples of proprietary communities are hotels, shopping centers, apartment housing, and office buildings.

Whereas governmental communities are financed with taxation, where taxes typically have little connection with benefits, private communities are financed as payments for benefits. In a hotel, for example, the public goods such as elevators and security are paid for from room charges. Pioneering writers on private communities include Spencer Heath and Spencer MacCallum.