Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
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Principles and Standards for School Mathematics was a document produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [1] in 2000 to set forth a national vision for precollege mathematics education in the US and Canada.
Based on a consensus process that involved classroom teachers, mathematicians, and educational researchers from across the country, the document sets forth a set of six principles (Equity, Curriculum, Teaching, Learning, Assessment, and Technology) that describe high-quality mathematics programs, and ten general strands or standards of mathematics content (Number and Operations, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability) and processes (Problem Solving, Reasoning and Proof, Communication, Connections, and Representation) that cut across the school mathematics curriculum. Specific expectations for student learning are described for ranges of grades (preschool to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 12).
This document builds on several earlier standards documents produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [2] — including the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989), the Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (1991), and the Assessment Standards for School Mathematics (1995).
