Prijezda I
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Prijezda I (born 1211, died 1287) was a Bosnian Ban as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom reigning 1250-1287. He was probably the founder the House of Kotromanić dynasty.
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[edit] Life
[edit] From Christianity to Heresy and backwards
Prijezda was originally a Roman Catholic Christian, but he converted to Bogomilism later on. According to the Pope's letter to Ban Matej Ninoslav, he converted back to Catholicism during Matej's reign. As he could not be trusted because of his previous conversion, he was forced to send his son as a guarantee to the Dominican Order. Ban Matej Ninoslav had to beg even to Rome itself for the release of Prijezda's son, Prijezda II, guaranteeing that they are none other than faithful Catholics - but the pleas reached deaf ears.
[edit] Reign during the Crusade
During the Crusades in Bosnia (1234-1239) against Matej Ninoslav Herzeg Coloman commanding the Christian Armies conquered most of Bosnia and temporarily pushed Matej and his forces. He gave the title of Bosnian Ban to Prijezda, who was Ninoslav's closest living relative. Prijezda ruled for only two years, because Matej managed to restore control over most of Bosnia after the Hungarian defeat in the face of the Tartars. As Prijezda was in mortal danger, he fled to Hungary.
[edit] Ban
After the death of Matej Ninoslav in 1250, the question of power over Bosnia was initiated. Ninoslav's sons fought valiantly to keep Bosnia independent, but eventually King Béla IV of Hungary martially subjected Bosnia and implaced Prijezda as its Ban, who vouched that he would rule in Hungary's name.
After he became Ban, Prijezda started a campaign to exterminate the Bosnian Church's heresy in Bosnia. Due to his ruthless fight against the Bogumils, the Pope ordered the Dominicans to return him his son as it appeared that Prijezda became a pious Catholic. On 11 November 1253 Hungarian King Bela wrote how he fiercely fought against the Bosnian heretics with his armies. Bosnia was finally defeated - and King Bela partitioned it, giving Bosnia proper (the area between the valleys of the rivers of Vrbas and Bosna) to Prijezda as his hereditary demesne. Out of the areas of Usora and Soli he created separate Banates ruled by Bans implaced by the King - who he later subjected to the Banate of Mačva, which has just been raised to a Dukedom. The King implaced his grandson Bela as the Herzog (Duke) of Mačva. Eventually, Bosnia itself was subjected to the Duchy of Mačva.
Because of his heroic fights, Prijezda received the title fidelis noster ("Our Faithful") from the Hungarian King, as well as several lands outside Bosnia, around Gornji Miholjac. King Bela IV of Hungary attacked the Serb Kingdom of Rascia of King Stefan Uroš I and conquered Zahumlje in 1254 which it gave to Prijezda's Bosnia, but the eventual peace between Hungary and the Serbs returned it to Rascia. Prijezda had to dispatch Bosnian forces in 1260 to fight in the Hungarian Army against the Bohemian King.
In 1270 King Bela IV died. He was succeeded by his son Stephen V. The powerful Duke of Mačva was killed a war in 1272. The same year King Stephen V dies. The Hungarian throne was succeeded by the his son Ladislaus IV of Cumans. He was too young to rule, so his Cuman mother Elizabeth acted as Regent. During these changing times for the power in Hungary Prijezda's power dropped severely. Not only did several Hungarian nobles, including Ugrin of Severin, Hungary's treasure-holder included Bosnia in their titles, but a certain Bosnian nobleman Stephen appeared in Bosnia with high influence and prestige; greatly surpassing that of Prijezda.
In 1284 Prijezda arranged a marriage between the Serbian Princess Jelisaveta, daughter of the King of Syrmia, Stefan Dragutin, and his son Kotroman in an attempt to forge an ever-lasting alliance with Dragutin.
Prijezda was forced to withdraw from the throne in 1287 as he was becoming very old. He spent his last hours on his estate in Zemljenik.
[edit] Children
Prijezda had four children:
- it is unknown precisely if Kotroman was his son
- Prijezda II
- Vuk, died 1287
- a daughter that married Stephen Vodički of the Croatian Babonić family
| Preceded by Herzeg Coloman |
Bosnian Ban under Hungary two years in the period 1234–1239 |
Succeeded by Matej Ninoslav |
| Preceded by Matej Ninoslav |
Bosnian Ban 1250–1287 |
Succeeded by Prijezda II and Kotroman |
[edit] External links
- History of the Serbs, by Vladimir Ćorović (in Serbian)
[edit] Sources
- Veselinović, Andrija & Ljušić, Radoš (2001). Српске династије, Platoneum.
- Ćorović, Vladimir (2005). ИЛУСТРОВАНА ИСТОРИЈА СРБА, Book II, Politika.
- Intervju - ДИНАСТИЈЕ и владари јужнословенских народа. Special Edition 12, 16 June 1989.
