Portovenere

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Comune di Portovenere
Municipal coat of arms
Country	Italy
Region	Liguria
Province	Province of La Spezia (SP)
Mayor	Salvatore Matteo Calcagnini (since 14 June 2004)

Elevation	0 m
Area	7 km²
Population
- Total (as of 2004-12-04)	4,041
- Density	577/km²
Time zone	CET, UTC+1
Coordinates	44°3′N 9°50′E
Gentilic	Portoveneresi
Dialing code	0187
Postal code	19025
Frazioni	Le Grazie, Fezzano
Patron	The White Madonna
- Day	August 17
Website: www.comune.portovenere.sp.it

**Portovenere**, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)¹
**UNESCO World Heritage Site**

State Party	Italy
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv, v
Identification	#826
Region²	Europe and North America
Inscription History
Formal Inscription:	1997 21st WH Committee Session
WH link:	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/826
1 Name as officially inscribed on the WH List 2 As classified officially by UNESCO

Portovenere (sometimes, in English, Porto Venere) is a town and comune (municipality) located on the Ligurian coast of Italy in the province of La Spezia. It comprises the three villages of Fezzano, Le Grazie and Portovenere, and the three islands of Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto. In 1997 Portovenere and the villages of Cinque Terre were designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

[edit] History

The ancient Portus Veneris is believed to date back to at least the middle of the 1st century BCE. It has been said that the name refers to a temple to the goddess Venus which was sited on the promontory where the church of Peter the Apostle now stands. The name has also been linked to that of the hermit Saint Venerius. In Roman times the city was essentially a fishing community.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Portovenere became the base of the Byzantine fleet in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, but was destroyed by the Lombards in 643 CE. Later, it was a frequent target of Saracen raids. First indications of the existence of a castle date from 1113, and in 1161 the walls were erected. Portovenere became a fiefdom of a family from Vezzano before passing to Genoa in the early 12th century. In 1494 it suffered a devastating bombardment from the Aragonese fleet during their war with Genoa: subsequently the old part of the town declined in importance, giving way to the development of the Borgo Nuovo (or new district), which had existed from 1139 and is centred on the church of St. Peter.

[edit] Main sights

Statue of St. Peter in the homonymous church.

Façade of the church of St. Lawrence.

The Doria Castle.

The Gothic church of Saint Peter, consecrated in 1198. It was built over a pre-existing 5th century Palaeo-Christian church, which had rectangular plan and semicircular apse. The new part, from the 13th century, is marked externally by white and black stripes.

The Romanesque church of Saint Lawrence, erected in 1098 by the Genoese. It probably occupies the site of ancient temple dedicated to Jupiter. The church was damaged by a fire in 1340 and by the Aragonese attack in 1494, and was further restored in 1582.

The Doria Castle

The Grotta dell'Arpaia (now collapsed), known as Byron’s Grotto, from which in 1822 the English poet swam across the gulf of La Spezia to San Terenzo to visit Shelley in Lerici.

The medieval nucleus of Le Grazie is set around the 14th century Church of Our Lady of the Graces; nearby is a medieval convent, which once belonged to the Olivetans, and the remains of the 1st century BCE Roman villa of Varignano (finds from the recent excavations at the villa are held in the Antiquarium della Villa Romana del Varignano in Portovenere).

In Fezzano the medieval alleyways are noteworthy, along with the 1740 church of Saint John the Baptist and the recently restored Villa Cattaneo.