Pilcrow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The pilcrow (¶), also called the paragraph sign or the alinea (Latin: a linea, "of the line"), is a typographical character commonly used to denote individual paragraphs. This non-alphabetic symbol varies from typeface to typeface, but the form shown here is typical.
The pilcrow can be used as an indent for separate paragraphs or to designate a new paragraph in one long piece of copy, as Eric Gill did in his 1930s book, An Essay On Typography. The pilcrow was used in the Middle Ages to mark a new train of thought, before the convention of physically discrete paragraphs was commonplace.
The pilcrow is usually drawn like a backwards letter P reaching to caps height or ascender height, but may also be drawn with the bowl stretching further downwards, resembling a backwards D.
| Punctuation |
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apostrophe ( ', ’ ) |
| Interword separation |
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spaces ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| General typography |
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ampersand ( & ) |
| Uncommon typography |
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asterism ( ⁂ ) |
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[edit] History and etymology
The name may be a derivation of paragraph through parcrafte, but this etymology is uncertain. The OED suggests that the word originated as pylcraft, a corrupted form of "paragraph" (earliest reference c.1440).
By one account, the pilcrow originated as a C, for capitulum (= "chapter"). By this account, the pilcrow is a symbol for a paraph which replaced the paragraphos, which was marked using different symbols, including the section sign. The paraph could also be marked with a full-height cent-like sign or a double slash, originally left as a note from the scribe to the rubricator.[1]
[edit] Contemporary use
The pilcrow has been used in desktop publishing software such as word processors and page layout programs to mark the presence of a carriage return control character at the end of a paragraph. It is also used as the icon on a class of toolbar button which shows or hides the pilcrow and similar "hidden characters", including tabs, whitespace, and page breaks. In typing programs, it is used to mark a return that one needs to type.
In legal writing, it is used whenever one must reference a specific paragraph within pleadings, law review articles, statutes, or other legal documents and materials.
In proofreading, it is used to indicate that one paragraph should be split into two or more separate paragraphs; the pilcrow is inserted at the point at which a new paragraph should begin.
In Unicode, the character is called PILCROW SIGN, and has codepoint U+00B6. The HTML entity for it is ¶.
The pilcrow character can be added as a visible, printable character on the Windows operating system using the shortcut alt + 0182. Depending on the font used, this character will have varied appearance, and in some cases, may be replaced by an alternate glyph entirely.
In a machine using Mac OS the pilcrow character can be generated by typing Option + 7
[edit] Paragraph signs in foreign languages
In Chinese, the traditional paragraph sign is a thin sans serif circle about the same size as a Chinese character. This same mark also serves as a “zero” character, as a stylistic variation of the Chinese character for “zero”. As a paragraph sign, this mark only appears in older books. Its current use is generally as a “zero” character.
[edit] References
- ^ Parkes, M.B. Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West. ISBN 0-520-07941-8.
