Pierre Auger Observatory
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Pierre Auger Observatory is an international cosmic ray observatory designed to detect ultra high energy cosmic rays -- Oh-My-God particles. These are sub-atomic particles (protons or other nuclei) with energies beyond 1020 electron-volts, the energy of a tennis ball traveling at 53.3 miles per hour, but packed into a single proton. These high energy particles have an estimated arrival rate of just 1 per square kilometer per century, therefore, in order to record a large number of these events, the Auger Observatory has created a detection area the size of Rhode Island in western Argentina's Mendoza Province.
The observatory was named after the French physicist Pierre Victor Auger. The observatory project was proposed in 1992 by Jim Cronin and Alan Watson. Today, more than 200 physicists from 55 institutions around the world are collaborating to build the southern site. The 15 participating countries are sharing the $50 million construction budget, each providing a minor part of the total cost.
The observatory will consist of northern and southern sites. The southern site is in the final phase of construction and is currently operating and collecting data. It became the largest ultra-high energy cosmic ray detector in the world in 2003. It is located on the vast plane of Pampa Amarilla, near the town of Malargüe in Mendoza Province, Argentina. The northern site will be located in southeastern Colorado, United States and hosted by Lamar Community College.
Each site of the final observatory will consist of 1600 water tanks (Water Cherenkov Detectors) distributed over 3000 km² (similar to the Haverah Park experiment) overseen by four atmospheric fluorescence detectors similar to the High Resolution Fly's Eye.
The PAO is unique in that it is the first experiment that combines both ground and fluorescence detectors at the same site thus allowing cross-calibration and reduction of systematic effects that may be peculiar to each technique.
The Cherenkov detectors use 3 large photomultiplier tubes to detect the light produced by high-energy particles passing through water in the tank. The time of arrival of high-energy particles from the same shower at several tanks is used to calculate the direction of travel of the original particle.
The fluorescence detectors are used to track the particle shower's glow on dark nights, as it descends through the atmosphere.
[edit] External links
- Pierre Auger Observatory
- Southern site website (Spanish and English)
- Let It Rain Symmetry February 2005
- COSMUS visuals for the PAO : includes movies, animated 3d models of cosmic ray showers over the Malargues site, and stereo photographs.
