Phidippus
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 Phidippus audax shows green chelicerae
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P. audax |
Phidippus is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. Phidippus appears to be distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species (Phidippus audax, Phidippus regius). There are 60 valid described species in the genus. The four species described in Phidippus found in India and one in Bangladesh do not belong in this genus. Neither do the species described from South America.
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[edit] Name
The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech Pro Rege Deiotaro (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus)[1]: Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros. Literally, the words means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.[1]
[edit] Species
- Phidippus adonis Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus adumbratus Gertsch, 1934 (USA)
- Phidippus aeneidens Taczanowski, 1878 (Peru)
- Phidippus albocinctus Caporiacco, 1947 (Guyana)
- Phidippus albulatus F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 (Mexico)
- Phidippus amans Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 (USA, Mexico, Cuba)
- Phidippus ardens Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus arizonensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus asotus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) (North America, introduced in Hawaii, Nicobar Is.)
- Phidippus aureus Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus bengalensis Tikader, 1977 (India)
- Phidippus bidentatus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 (USA to Costa Rica)
- Phidippus birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1944 (Argentina)
- Phidippus boei Edwards, 2004 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus borealis Banks, 1895 (USA, Canada, Alaska)
- Phidippus calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984 (India)
- Phidippus californicus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (North America)
- Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) (USA, Mexico, possibly Panama)
- Phidippus carneus Peckham & Peckham, 1896 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham, 1909 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus cerberus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 (North America)
- Phidippus comatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (North America)
- Phidippus concinnus Gertsch, 1934 (USA)
- Phidippus cruentus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 (Mexico)
- Phidippus cryptus Edwards, 2004 (USA, Canada)
- Phidippus dianthus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus exlineae Caporiacco, 1955 (Venezuela)
- Phidippus felinus Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus georgii Peckham & Peckham, 1896 (Mexico to El Salvador)
- Phidippus guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 (Guyana)
- Phidippus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 (Guyana)
- Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846 (USA)
- Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) (North America)
- Phidippus kastoni Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus khandalaensis Tikader, 1977 (India)
- Phidippus lynceus Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus maddisoni Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus majumderi Biswas, 1999 (Bangladesh)
- Phidippus mimicus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus morpheus Edwards, 2004 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846) (USA)
- Phidippus nikites Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus octopunctatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus olympus Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus otiosus (Hentz, 1846) (USA)
- Phidippus phoenix Edwards, 2004 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus pius Scheffer, 1905 (USA to Costa Rica)
- Phidippus pompatus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus princeps (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) (USA, Canada)
- Phidippus pruinosus Peckham & Peckham, 1909 (USA)
- Phidippus pulcherrimus Keyserling, 1885 (USA)
- Phidippus punjabensis Tikader, 1974 (India)
- Phidippus purpuratus Keyserling, 1885 (USA, Canada)
- Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) (USA)
- Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846 (USA, West Indies, Easter Island (introduced))
- Phidippus richmani Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus tenuis (Kraus, 1955) (El Salvador)
- Phidippus texanus Banks, 1906 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus tigris Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus toro Edwards, 1978 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus triangulifer Caporiacco, 1954 (French Guiana)
- Phidippus tux Pinter, 1970 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus tyrannus Edwards, 2004 (USA, Mexico)
- Phidippus tyrrelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (North America)
- Phidippus ursulus Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus venus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
- Phidippus vexans Edwards, 2004 (USA)
- Phidippus whitmani Peckham & Peckham, 1909 (USA, Canada)
- Phidippus workmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (USA)
- Phidippus yashodharae Tikader, 1977 (Andaman Is.)
- Phidippus zebrinus Mello-Leitão, 1945 (Argentina)
- Phidippus zethus Edwards, 2004 (Mexico)
[edit] References
- ^ Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V. (editors) 2005. Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
- Gardner, B.T. (1965). Observations on Three Species of Phidippus Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Psyche 72:133-147 PDF (Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license) (P. californicus = P. coccineus, P. apacheanus, P. octopunctatus = P. opifex)
- Edwards, G.B. (2004). Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
- "Bold Jumping Spider" - Phidippus audax
- Phidippus clarus diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens
- Phidippus mystaceus photographs, adult male specimen
- Phidippus princeps reference photographs
- Phidippus otiosus adult male specimen
- Catalog of genus Phidippus
- Pictures of Phidippus species (P. adumbratus, P. apacheanus, P. arizonensis, P. asotus, P. audax, P. basalis, P. boei, P. cardinalis, P. carneus, P. clarus, P. comatus,P. cruentus, P. johnsoni, P. mystaceus, P. octopunctatus, P. olympus, P. otlosus, P. phoenix, P. plus, P. princeps, P. pruinosus, P. pulcherrimus, P. purpuratus, P. putnami, P. regius, P. richmani, P. texanus, P. tigris, P. toro, P. tyrelli, P. whitmani and P. workmani.)
- Picture of Phidippus species (free for noncommercial use)
