Petroicidae
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The bird family Petroicidae includes roughly 45 species in about 15 genera. All are endemic to Australasia or nearby areas. For want of a more accurate common name, the family is often described as the Australasian robins: it extends beyond Australasia, however, and includes not just robins but the Jacky Winter, the New Zealand Tomtit, some flycatchers, and scrub-robins.
Most species have a stocky build with a large, rounded head, a short, straight bill, and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest, and mangrove swamps to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivorous, although a few supplement their diet with seeds. Hunting is mostly by perch and pounce, a favoured tactic being to cling sideways onto a treetrunk and scan the ground below without moving.
Social organisation is usually centered on long term pair-bonds and small family groups. Some genera practice cooperative breeding, with all family members helping defend a territory and feed nestlings.
Nests are cup-shaped, usually constructed by the female, and often placed in a vertical fork of a tree or shrub; many species are expert at adding moss, bark or lichen to the outside of the nest as camouflague, making it very difficult to spot (even when it is in a seemingly prominent location).
The relationship of the Petroicidae to other bird families is uncertain. They are clearly part of a particularly old lineage. Sibley and Alquist's DNA-DNA hybridisation studies put them in the "Corvoidea" (a huge group that includes the shrikes, crows and jays, butcherbirds, woodswallows, drongos, cuckoo-shrike, fantails, monarch flycatchers and many others), but this superfamily has been proven to be paraphyletic.
More recent allozyme studies[citation needed] suggest that they be placed with the Meliphagoidea - the superfamily that includes the honeyeaters, Australian wrens, Pardalotes, and thornbills and itself derives from the great Australasian corvid radiation.
Although the details remain uncertain, the overall picture is clear: despite the striking similarity between the robins of Australasia and the true robins of Europe, their evolutionary relationship is quite distant, and the Petroicidae are more closely related to the crows and jays than to the group of northern hemisphere birds which resemble them in appearance, diet, habits, and even coloration.
[edit] Partial species list of Petroicidae (Part of the super-family Meliphagoidea)
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- Genus Microeca
- Jacky Winter, Microeca fascinans
- Lemon-bellied Flycatcher, Microeca flavigaster
- Yellow-legged Flycatcher, Microeca griseoceps
- Genus Petroica
- Scarlet Robin, Petroica multicolor
- Tomtit, Petroica macrocephala
- Red-capped Robin, Petroica goodenovii
- Flame Robin, Petroica phoenicea
- Rose Robin, Petroica rosea
- Pink Robin, Petroica rodinogaster
- New Zealand Robin, Petroica australis
- North Island Robin, Petroica longipes
- Black Robin (Chatham Island Robin), Petroica traversi
- Genus Melanodryas
- Hooded Robin, Melanodryas cucullata
- Dusky Robin, Melanodryas vittata
- Genus Tregellasia
- Pale-yellow Robin, Tregellasia capito
- White-faced Robin, Tregellasia leucops
- Genus Eopsaltria
- Eastern Yellow Robin, Eopsaltria australis
- Western Yellow Robin, Eopsaltria griseogularis
- White-breasted Robin, Eopsaltria georgiana
- Mangrove Robin, Eopsaltria pulverulenta
- Genus Poecilodryas
- White-browed Robin, Poecilodryas superciliosa
- Genus Heteromyias
- Grey-headed Robin, Heteromyias albispecularis
- Genus Drymodes
- Northern Scrub-Robin, Drymodes superciliaris
- Southern Scrub-Robin, Drymodes brunnoepygia
[edit] References
- Miller, Hilary C. & Lambert, David M. (2006): A molecular phylogeny of New Zealand’s Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(3): 844-855. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.012 (HTML abstract)
[edit] External links
- Petroicidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
