Persian Armenia
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Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. The size of Persian Armenia varied over time.
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[edit] Armenians and the Achaemenid Empire
After the fall of the Median empire In 550 B.C. Cyrus, leader of the Persians, took control of the Median empire and conquered Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Cyrus' son continued his father's campaign in Egypt. Eventually, Armenia became a dependency of Persia.
The Armenian contingents, cavalry and infantry, had taken part in Cyrus's conquest of Lydia in 546 and of Babylonia in 539. A rebellion of ten subject nations — one of them Armenia — broke out against Persia during the reign of Darius I (522‑486).
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| Early History | |||
| Haik | |||
| Armens | |||
| Hayasa-Azzi | |||
| Nairi | |||
| Kingdom of Urartu | |||
| Kingdom of Armenia | |||
| Orontid Armenia | |||
| Artaxiad Dynasty | |||
| Arsacid Dynasty | |||
| Medieval History | |||
| Marzpanate Period | |||
| Byzantine Armenia | |||
| Bagratuni Armenia | |||
| Kingdom of Vaspurakan | |||
| Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia | |||
| Foreign Rule | |||
| Persian Domination | |||
| Ottoman Domination | |||
| Russian Domination | |||
| Hamidian Massacres | |||
| Armenian Genocide | |||
| Early Independence | |||
| Democratic Republic of Armenia | |||
| Soviet Armenia | |||
| Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic | |||
| Modern Armenia | |||
| Republic of Armenia | |||
| Topical | |||
| Military history of Armenia | |||
| Timeline of Armenian history | |||
[edit] Behistun inscriptions
In the Behistun inscriptions, Darius I talks of his multiple victories. The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian. The name Armenia had been used for the first time, when Darius wanted to describe his conquests in the Armenian highlands. The shahanshah speaks of bloody battles against the Armens, and cites the names of three important battles. This shows that the Armenians didn't simply fight defensively, but were able to confront them even in Persian territory. In the inscriptions, it is also established that the war in Armenia was the longest one, taking approximately 12 months.
The Armenians thus stayed under Persian rule from 519 to 330 B.C. Those years are considered to be relatively peaceful; trade flourished. Herodotus informs us that the Armenians had to pay 50 'talents' and thousands of horses per year to the Persians. When he speaks of Xerxes' invasions to Greek land, he mentions that the Armenian forces rallied with Xerxes, and that they resembled and spoke like the Phrygians.
Alexander the Great later conquered the Achaemenid Empire, and the Artaxiad dynasty established an independent Armenian kingdom in 190 B.C.
[edit] Armenians and the Sassanid Empire
The Armenians chose Christianity as state religion in 301. Armenia was divided between Sassanid Persia and the Roman Empire. The former established control in Eastern Armenia after the fall of the Arsacid Armenian kingdom in 428.
[edit] Vartan Mamikonian
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[edit] St. Leon
As the Persian threats against Christianity and the Church in Armenia increased, St. Leon emerged as a zealot leader of his people and a defender of Christianity in Armenia. Yeghishe, the famous Armenian historian, tells us about the courageous role St. Leon and his clergy played, resisting the Persian invasion and protecting the Christian faith.
[edit] Aftermath
After enduring the unbearable torture and refusing to denounce Christianity, the holy priests were finally put to death by the sword. Avarayr is the first battle fought in defense of Christendom in the history of the world. Although, Armenians lost the battle of Avarayr, they were victorious in resisting the Sassanid Invasion and preserving Christianity in Armenia.
[edit] Armenians and the Safavid Empire
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[edit] References
- Translated from the Armenian: Mihran Kurdoghlian, Badmoutioun Hayots, A. hador [Armenian History, volume I], Athens, Greece, 1994, pg. 56-57, 61-62.
- Yuri Babayan - Historical province of the Greater Armenia
