Permanent establishment
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The concept of permanent establishment ("PE") is one of the most important issues in international tax treaty law. Virtually all modern tax treaties use PE as the main instrument to establish taxing jurisdiction over a foreigner's unincorporated business activities. The foreign enterprise's profits are taxable in the country where the activity takes place only if the enterprise is deemed to constitute a PE. The OECD model treaty sets forth the general definition of a PE as follows: "For the purpose of this Convention, the term 'permanent establishment' means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on".