Perinthalmanna
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Perinthalmanna
Kerala • India |
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| District(s) | Malappuram |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Population | 44,613 (2001) |
Perinthalmanna is a city and a municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala.It is located near to Manjeri town. It was the erstwhile capital city of Valluvanad, an erstwhile princely state of Kerala. Perinthalmanna is a town with strong historical and cultural heritage, and for last several centuries, has remained a center of trading and commercial activity for several villages around it, including its hinterland. The town became a municipality on 10 February 1990.
Perinthalmanna is know as city of hospitals. It has 4 super speciality hospitals including a medical college and a number of small and mid sized hospitals and clincs. As a result a good part of the population consists of migrant people from out of the town in medicine-related fields.
The poet Poonthanam, author of Njanappana and his house known as 'Poonthanam illam' is very near to Perinthalmanna, and Elamkulam, the birth place of E.M.S. Namboodiripad is also close to Perinthalmanna.
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[edit] Current statistics
- Land Area: 34.41 Sq Km
- Population 1991 Census: 39027
- Kerala Assembly Constituency
- Institutions include Taluk Office, Government Hospital, Government Polytechnic, PTM college, MES college, etc.
it is just 40km from the historic heritage place Areacode (where palace of king shinos exists). thousands of visitors go to Areacode through Perinthalmanna to visit palace of shinos and the tree where the ancient devil siraj is resting.
[edit] Origin of the name
Etymologically, Perinthalmanna derives its name from a Malayalam word perinthallu, which literally means big, rigorous fighting. The traditions associated with this ancient town state that in the olden days, sporting events, including martial activities, were organized under the leadership of Kakooth Nair, the commander-in-chief of Valluvakkonathiri. These sporting events were organized before Angadipuram Thirumandhamkunnu Temple (See below) festival, which was celebrated after harvesting of crops in the month of Makara, corresponding to the months of January/February) of the gregorian calendar. Another main event organized used to be Aattakalam or the stage for Kathakali performance. People from a cross section of the society participated in these festivities, and everyone wanted to see the place were the Perinthallu (that is, the rigorous fighting) took place (a place situated to the east of Angadipuram), which became known as Perinthallu, and got modified to its present form of Perinthalmanna under British influence.
[edit] Historic Perinthalmanna
In the olden days Valluvanad was an independent princely state. The ruler of Valluvanad was a witness during the offering of the title deed by king Veeraraghava in 1320. After the death of Cheraman Perumal(1320-1342) Kerala was divided among the rulers of Thiruvithamcoore, Kochi, Kolothunaadu, Kurumbanadu and Valluvanad states. The post of the ruler of Valluvanad was known as Valluvakkonathiri. The eldest member of Ayirazhi- Kadannamanna-aripra 'Kovilakam' became the Valluvakkonathiri. At first the capital of Valluvanad was Kuruvaand and later Angadipuram became the capital. As it was the land ruled by the Valluvakkonathiri it came to be known as Valluanad. Even at that time Perinthalmanna was considered to be the main center of Valluvanad. Both Perinthalmanna province and Angadipuram province were together known as Angadipuram. In the past The Perinthalmanna High School was known as Angadipuram Elementary School. Even the police station was known as Angadipuram Police Station.
[edit] British period
Background
From 1835 until late 19th century, violent disturbances surfaced from time to time in different parts of Malabar region, particularly in Eranad and Valluvanad, and the adjoining areas, which included Perinthalmanna. These disturbances and uprisings were basically agrarian unrest. After these disturbances subsided, relative peace returned to large areas currently comprising the state of Kerala. Malabar came under the direct administrative control of the British raj, and was made a part of the Madras Presidency.
Mappila rebellion
In 1921, Mappila rebellion, also known as Mopla riots occurred. These incidents also affected Valluvanad. The main factor that prompted the riots was the protest by the Mappila Muslim farmers against the injustices done by the landlords. There were large scale violence and riots in different parts of valluvanad, which led to the killings of many Hindus and Muslims. The rebellious farmers submitted a memorandum was submitted to the government depicting their fears and problems, and stating that the protest and riots were the outcome of the deeds of the landlords trying to devoid them of their farmland and properties.
An investigation carried out by Sir Logan, the-then Collector and District Magistrate of Wygram found that the report given by Sir Steinch stating that riots were the out come of religious fanaticism was wrong. Sir Logan was appointed as a special officer to investigate into the matter and whether the complaint that the landlords did not give land to construct mosques is true or not. The report submitted by Sir Logan stated that the Muslims considered it to be a religious right to take arms against the landlords who maltreated the tenants and the government which supported such landlords. A conciliatory deal was struck with the rioters which made them lay down their arms.
At that time, a notable incident that rocked Valluvanad was looting of the government treasury by the rioters, and some reports state that even currency notes, looted from the treasury, were found scattered on the roads. Even though these rumors instigated violence in Eranad and many other parts of Valluvanad, the residents of Perinthalmanna had to a certain extent refrained themselves from indulging in violence. The main reason for this is the social and cultural amity that existed in Perinthalmanna.
Local self governance
Perinthalmanna was at first under Malappuram Taluk board and then under valluvanad Taluk board. This place became a Panchayath in 1933, and the Panchayath office was situated in the building where the lower primary school functioned. The first Panchayath president was P. Achuthan Menon. According to the local bodies Act, Panchayath president was selected by organizing a public meeting and raising the hands to show the support for each member. All the executive powers were vested on the Panchayath president.
[edit] Tourist spots
Kulirmala : This hill which lies close to Perinthalmanna town in the highest point from where we can get a glimpse of the whole town and the neighboring places. It has a verdant landscape with water springs. The foots prints of 'Hanuman' present on this hill is very famous. We can hear the similar sounds of water flowing from the hole on top of the hill.
Olingara : Situated near to PTM Govt. College it is one of the highest regions which blessed with water springs which has never dried up even in summer.
Pathaikkara Mana[1] : Historically relevant 'Illams' and 'Manas' which followed the ancient rituals is situated here. Adjacent to the 'Mana' there are two big wells with two big lids carved out of rocks so as to cover the wells. Adjacent to this 'Mana' there is another famous and historical relevant place named 'Raman Kuzhi'. A tiger den is also present in this place.
Eravimangalam : 'Mundekkat Mana' and 'Paloli Mana' which depicts the past glories is situated here. Eravimangalam Public reading room which has special significance historically is also present here.
Kodikuthimala : A scenic hilltop near Perinthalmanna town named after the flag hosting during the survey conducted by British. Its panoramic view attracts tourists all over Kerala. From here we can see several mountains and rivers surrounding Perinthalmanna town. The watch tower, suicide point and water falls are famous. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) is now developing it further. Paloliparambu:A beautiful place in Eravimangalam.There is a famous family named Thekkinkattil.Many ancestors of this family were Freedom fighters of India.
[edit] Pilgrim centres
The kind of cosmopolitan existence Perinthalmanna has is best reflected in the presence of its several pilgrim centres. Pilgrim centres of all religions abound this tiny state. Religion is the heartbeat of this city and the followers of all the major religions, namely, Hinduism, Islam and Christians have lived here for centuries. Together came up temples, mosques, churches, and spiritual centers. There is a very long list of temples, mosques and tombs, and churches spread all over Perinthalmanna.
Salafi Masjid:important mosque of the city.jumua speech(khutuba) is in the local language.fescility for womens to prayer also.the mosque is run by Kerala Nadvathul Mujahidee(Regd)
Shiva Temple Poothoor: One of the ancient shrines of Lord Shiva in North Kerala. It is located at Trichur road Perinthalmanna, 750 m from private bus station.
Lord Matha Church: The first Christian church established at Perinthalmanna city. It is also one of the ancient churches in Malabar. It Is located at Calicut road Perinthalmanna, 650 m from private bus station.
Chakkuvara Temple: This temple enjoys a special place in the social history Eranadu for having given entry to the Untouchables. It is built in the model Pazhani temple.
Uppom Kava Temple The temple is located very near to the Amminikkad In the name of " Loard Ayyappan " Very ancent temple Now it is reconstructed by the villagers There is Different kind of Daily poojas And many Persons Visiting day by day.
Korokulath Ayyappan Kav Pathaikkara The kav is locatedd near to pathaikkara mana.It is beside Korokulam. Vadakkekaran Kava Temple Located 500m From Panambi
Juma Masjid: Built at the time of the incursion of Tippu. It is situated near the private bus station, at Ootty road.
Pattani Mosque: It is named after the group of people who came to look into the affairs of the soldiers of Tippu. It is situated at
Angadipuram Thirumanthamkunnu Temple: close to perinthalmanna is very famous and historically important too. The 'chaver sangam' had been started from this temple after their prayer on theway to Thirunavaya, the soil of 'mamankam'.
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001 India censusGRIndia, Perinthalmanna had a population of 44,613. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Perinthalmanna has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 79%. In Perinthalmanna, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
