Pearl oyster

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pearl Oysters

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Pterioida
Family:	Pteriidae
Genus:	Pinctada Roding, 1798

Species

See text.

Pinctada, or pearl oysters, are bivalve molluscs of the genus Pinctada in the family Pteriidae. They are not closely related to the edible oysters of family Ostreidae.

All members of the genus share the physiological properties that lead to the production of large pearls of commercial value, and attempts have been made to harvest pearls commercially from many of the species. However the only species that are currently of significant commercial interest are:

Gulf pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata; Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea
Black-lip oyster, Pinctada margaritifera; Persian Gulf and southwestern part of Indian Ocean; Australia; Fiji; Tahiti; Myanmar; Baja California; Gulf of Mexico
White-lip oyster or gold-lip oyster, P. maxima; Australia; Fiji; Tahiti; Myanmar; Philippines
Japanese pearl oyster or Akoya Pearl Oyster, P. fucata (also called P. imbricata), Red Sea; Sri Lanka; Persian Gulf; Indian Ocean; Western Pacific Ocean; Australia; China;
Shark Bay pearl oyster P. albina; Australia

The different species produce different types of pearls. Black South Sea pearls, or Tahitian pearls come from the black-lip oyster; white and golden South Sea pearls from the white-lip and golden-lip oysters; and Akoya cultured pearls from the Japanese pearl oyster.

Pearls are also obtained in commercial quantities from some species of the related winged oyster genus Pteria, and also from the freshwater mussel species Hyriopsis schlegeli. Though also a bivalve, this last species is unrelated to the oysters.