Pearl Brewing Company
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Pearl Brewing Company | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Location | Beer: Ft. Worth, Texas Brewery: San Antonio, Texas |
| Owner | Beer: Pabst Brewing Company Brewery: Silver Ventures, Inc. |
| Year opened | 1883 |
| Active Beers | |
| Pearl | Pale Lager |
| Pearl Light | Light Pale Lager |
| Country Club | Malt Liquor |
The Pearl Brewing Company also known as the Pearl Brewery (Pearl) was an American brewery, established in 1883 in San Antonio, Texas. In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name. In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing, on a contract basis, and closing all of its breweries. Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Ft. Worth, Texas facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001. Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures, Inc., which has made the property the crown jewel in revitalization efforts of northern downtown San Antonio.
[edit] History
[edit] 1800s
[edit] A brewery by any name
The site owned and operated by the Pearl Brewing Company was originally known as both the J. B. Behloradsky Brewery (1881–1883) and the City Brewery. Privately held and poorly ran for two years, the City Brewery was purchased by an investment group in 1883. The investment group was comprised of local businessmen and several moguls already involved in brewing at San Antonio's other major brewery, the Lone Star Brewing Company. Together they formed the San Antonio Brewing Company (1883-1888), and began to raise capital to fully restart and improve operations at the brewery. In 1886, after three long years, the company had secured the necessary capital and began full-time operations at the brewery again. The name San Antonio Brewing Association was used as a parent to the brewing company, since it also managed some of the founding member's other business interests. Functionally, the business structure worked, but it caused confusion with city officials, customers, and business partners; therefore, in the end, the investment group dissolved the San Antonio Brewing Company and used the San Antonio Brewing Association (1888–1918) name for all operations and business transactions. Thus, in a short seven years, the same brewery had three different names. In addition, the name City Brewery was used frequently used as well. The first logos used for the San Antonio Brewing Company/Association even featured the name City Brewery in the logo. City Brewery was carried over from the Behloradsky days and was used up till the beginning of Prohibition in 1918.
[edit] Finding a Pearl
During these name changes, the brewery found the product that would become their signature brew. Pearl Beer was formulated and first brewed in Bremen, Germany, by the Kaiser–Beck Brewery, which produces Beck's beer. Pearl beer's name came from Kaiser–Beck Brewery's brewmaster, who thought the foamy bubbles in a freshly poured glass of the brew resembled sparkling pearls. In Germany, the brew was called "Perle", which is the German word for pearl. When brought to the United States, the spelling was changed to the English version: pearl. In 1886, the first bottles and wooded kegs of American Pearl beer rolled off the line and into local tap rooms.
[edit] 1900s
[edit] Building a Texas icon
In 1902, Otto Koehler, the most recognized person in Pearl history, took the helm of the brewery, leaving his position as manager at the Lone Star Brewing Company to become president and manager of the San Antonio Brewing Association. Under Otto's leadership, the brewery set in motion strategic plans to grow in physical size as well as beer output. The San Antonio Brewing Association went from a micro-brewery that produced enough output for local residents and businesses to a strong competitor to the much larger Lone Star Brewing Company. Otto was so ingrained into the brewing business that as he switched jobs and took over the reigns of the San Antonio Brewing Association, he ensured he could monitor plant operations almost constantly. Otto was one of the first residents to build in the newly opened Laurel Heights section of San Antonio. The hill on which Otto built his home provided a clear view of the city skyline and, of course, included an unobstructed view of the San Antonio Brewing Association's City Brewery. Legend has it that by sitting on his porch, Otto could determine whether his employees were hard at work by the smoke color rising up from the brewery’s stacks.
[edit] The murder of Otto
- Section under construction.
[edit] Pre-Prohibition
After Otto's death, Otto's wife, Emma, succeeded him as the chief executive. Under Emma Koehler's direction, many of her husband’s strategic plans were either started or fulfilled. Namely, she modernized the original brew house, and by 1916 beer production capacity had significantly increased from 6,000 barrels per year in the early 1900s to over 110,000 barrels per year. With the tremendous production increase, the San Antonio Brewing Association was able to out pace the Lone Star Brewing Company to become the largest Texas brewery and the beer America most widely associated with Texas and the West.
During the early 1900s, Pearl blitzed the market with advertisement campaigns that featured their new-found "star." Unlike today, where companies use media celebrities, San Antonio Brewing Association latched on to one of the more colorful and popular law enforcement personalities of the wild, wild West. In Langtry, Texas, Judge Roy Bean declared himself the "Law West of the Pecos" and ran his court in the town's tiny U.S. Post Office and bar called the Jersey Lilly Saloon. Judge Roy Bean was as famous in the late 1800s and early 1900s as many of the motion picture stars are today. Judge Bean's favorite (and rumored only) beer in his saloon was Pearl. Seeing this as an opportunity, San Antonio Brewing Association for decades used the connection to Judge Bean and the Jersey Lilly as advertisement focal points. Later, in the 1950s, the brewery's old horse stables were converted into a hospitality room and given a Roy Bean feel to them in honor of Judge Roy Bean and his saloon. Later, in the 1970s, the stables were renovated again with the main hall renamed the Lily Langtry Room and the whole building named the Jersey Lilly. In addition, and exactly replica of Bean's saloon was build and placed on the brewery ground for use in Pearl's "Wild West Shows" and as a gift shop.
[edit] Prohibition
Before Prohibition, Texas was a hot spot for beer production. With a strong German and European influence, small and regional breweries littered the state. San Antonio enjoyed the distinction of having two of Texas’ largest breweries: Lone Star Brewery and the San Antonio Brewing Association. Prohibition, though, changed the face of brewing and forced almost every brewery out of business. When the Volstead Act and Prohibition went into effect on January 16, 1920, Lone Star Brewing Company ended sales, shut the brewery doors, and dissolved the company.
Emma Koehler vowed not to let the brewery go under. In late 1919, the San Antonio Brewing Association changed its name to Alamo Industries (1919–1921) and began operations to comply with Prohibition laws. Times were tough for the brewery and its employees, but the facility stayed open by continuing to produce a Near Beer called "La Perla", bottling soft drinks, dry cleaning, operating a small advertising sign division, running a small auto repair shop, and entering the commercial ice and creamery businesses. Being so diverse brought in cash for the company, but it also meant Alamo Foods wasn't particularly good in any one area. As a result, Alamo Foods Industries reorganized their product lines. The company changed their name to the Alamo Foods Company (1921-1933) and shifted their products toward the food specialty. The sections for auto repair, dry cleaning, and advertising were closed or sold off to third parties.
Although no solid proof exists, rumors abound that Alamo Foods used the old brewery equipment for more than "La Perla", and that, in fact, the brewery still bottled a tiny amount of the real Pearl and Texas Pride for close friends and sale on the black market. One thing is certain, though: when the Blaine Act ended Prohibition at midnight on September 15, 1933, within minutes, 100 trucks and 25 railroad boxcars loaded with beer rolled out of the brewery grounds.
[edit] Post-Prohibition
With the end of Prohibition, so too came the end of the Alamo Foods Company. The company went back to their prior name: San Antonio Brewing Association (1933–1952). Most believed beer production would quickly return to the levels before the 1920 ban. However, Pearl's hard times weren't over yet. In 1933, the nation was still deep in the grips of the Great Depression. Although most of the public would have loved to enjoy a Pearl, the financial situation of most made buying beer an unaffordable luxury. Through her skillful management, Emma Koehler kept the brewery afloat through the depression, selling beer to those who could afford it and continuing many of the business ventures that had carried the brewery through Prohibition.
As the Great Depression ended in the United States, world affairs worsened and spun the globe toward World War II. After almost 26 years at the helm of the San Antonio Brewing Association, Emma Koehler decided it was time to relinquish the official title. With her “retirement,” so closed an amazing chapter in the brewery's history. While it may not seem much these days, Emma’s successful management role at Pearl was a breakthrough for its day. At a time when women’s suffrage was still in it’s infancy and women didn’t yet have the right to vote, Emma Koehler led Texas’ largest brewery and one of the larger breweries in the nation.
Emma didn’t fade quietly into the history books, however. For years after her retirement she remained an important part of brewery operations. While she didn't have voting powers with the San Antonio Brewing Association, she typically had the final word on all large deals or changes. Emma’s successor depended on her heavily after the transition and during the brewery's changes to meet the effort of World War II.
[edit] The return of Otto Koehler
Otto and Emma Koehler's lives were filled with helping others and improving the community through various organizations and corporations. Otto and Emma never had children in their long marriage, but their extended family was huge. A large portion of their substantial wealth was spent on helping their families immigrate to the United States from their homeland in Germany. The Koehlers paid for family members' passage to New York and travel expenses to their city of choice, which was usually San Antonio or close proximity. Once relocated, the Koehlers helped set them up with housing and a job at the brewery or one of the other Koehler-owned companies.
One family the Koehlers helped was Otto's twin brother, Karl Koehler. Karl and his wife moved to Pennsylvania, where they had two boys. The oldest of the two boys was named after Otto. Born on July 24, 1893, as a youngster Otto A. and his younger brother were taken to Europe by their parents for what was supposed to be a short trip. On the trip however, Karl became seriously ill and decided to stay in Germany. In 1908, when Otto A. was just 15, his father finally scummed to his illnesses and passed away. Otto A. returned to America and became a ward of his uncle Otto and aunt Emma. Otto A. developed a special bond with Otto and Emma and was treated as if he was their own son. In 1921, Otto A. left his various other jobs and came to the brewery to assist Emma in daily operations.
When Emma decided it was time to step aside of her post, the board members and Emma picked Otto A. to be her successor. Emma served as Otto's advisor during the transition and his first years as head of the brewery, a position she held until her death in 1943. Although the Koehlers didn't own the brewery, after the first Otto, his wife Emma, and now Otto A., the family was very much considered the owners not only by the community, but the brewery board members and workers alike. Otto A. was a strong leader and businessman who had learned much from his aunt and uncle. It was this strength that he would have to draw on as turbulent times lay ahead for the brewery and beer brewing industry as a whole.
[edit] Power struggle
Through the 1940s, operations at Pearl continued at a steady pace. Pearl was well established as the largest brewer in Texas, even though Lone Star beers had adopted the slogan proclaiming Lone Star the national beer of Texas. Pearl, as a company, did its part in the war effort, reducing can production to save on metals and producing generic beer for the troops abroad. At the end of the war, Pearl reestablished its aggressive growth drive and shifted marketing to focus on the emerging power buyer, the post-war housewife.
Production and market-wise, the 1950s was similar to the late 40s. In the early 50s the San Antonio Brewing Association felt they needed to increase the association of their number one product, Pearl lager beer, with the company itself. In marketing research, the association found that most consumers believed the San Antonio Brewing Association encompassed more than a single brewery; in fact, the public thought San Antonio Brewing Association referred to all brewing in San Antonio in general. Therefore, in 1952 the San Antonio Brewing Association changed its name to the Pearl Brewing Company (1952–present).
Pearl was successful, not only in Texas but on a national level as well. Larger companies saw this success and made many attempts to buyout Pearl and their beers. Almost all offers were never even considered. In what would turn out later to be ironic, one company came very, very close to buying out the Pearl Brewing Company in the 50s: Pabst Brewing Company. B.B. McGimsey, who was Pearl’s plant manager, became influential in the company. McGimsey was a charismatic leader who most of the employees liked and respected. McGimsey’s influence also reached other board members, and when the offer came from Pabst, it wasn’t as easily dismissed. Details of the offer have long been lost, but one can surmise it was a good deal given the consideration given to it by Pearl. McGimsey believed that Pearl’s stance as an independent Texas brewer would never allow them to truly compete on a national level with brewers from St. Louis and Milwaukee. Ultimately the sale to Pabst was defeated by Otto A. and the other shareholders, but only by the slimmest of margins.[1] Pearl maintained its independence, for now.
[edit] Goetz Brewing Company: Pearl expands
Although narrowly defeated in the vote to be acquired by Pabst, McGimsey and fellow members of Pearl’s board still pushed for change in the company. The predominating theme throughout was growth. The acquisition of Pearl by a larger company was no longer considered, but then how could the company really grow and hope to compete with industry leaders such as Anheuser-Busch, Miller, and Pabst? Pearl considered expanding the San Antonio brewery to increase production, but after researching the idea Pearl realized expanding the brewery could only gain them a nominal production increase and ultimately wouldn't be worth the overall investment.
Otto A. and the board began studying other companies to try and see what innovations or organizational structures were working, and if those changes could be applied to Pearl. Pearl’s board noticed that the larger brewers such as Anheuser-Busch were not attempting to push more and more products out of a single brewery; instead they had several breweries spread out to distribute their products. Pearl seized on the idea of a second brewery and began to explore the options. Location was a huge factor in the considerations. San Antonio’s location allowed Pearl to reach both the east coast and west coast equally well. However, San Antonio’s southern position wasn't ideal for reaching places like Maine or Washington state.
One idea was to build a second brewery somewhere in the northern Mid-West. Initial studies of this idea proved too costly to be feasible. The price tag of land, permits, zoning, construction, equipment, manpower, and initial operations proved to be too large for Pearl to afford. Pearl could have raised the cash need for the project, but doing so would have extended the company a little too thin, and one misstep or hiccup in sales could force Pearl into bankruptcy.
Rather than building a second brewery and potentially putting the company at risk, Pearl decided to purchase an existing brewery to increase production and the distribution network. Overall, buying out another brewery meant a larger initial investment, but the new brewery would be able to output Pearl beer almost immediately and therefore help recoup costs quicker. From a shortlist of potentials, the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company in St. Joseph, Missouri, seemed the perfect fit for Pearl’s plans. Goetz’s historic brewery would allow increased production levels and the ability to utilize the well established distribution network to help Pearl reach untapped markets. In addition, Pearl gained access to the Goetz line of beers, everything from pilsners to malt liquors.
In 1961 the Pearl Brewing Company officially purchased the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company. Overall the merger of the two companies was a success. Beers from both companies began to see production at the two facilities. Goetz brewed all of the Pearl beers for easier distribution in the north, and Pearl produced Goetz’s Country Club malt liquor. Country Club proved very successful for Pearl , and in fact is the only Goetz beer still in production by Pabst today under the Pearl Brewing Company name. The merger wasn’t without its hiccups, but overall the transition occurred smoothly. Pearl took over as the corporate headquarters and some duplicate jobs were eliminated. Overall the production side of Goetz remained intact, with Pearl treating Goetz employees just as they did the employees in San Antonio, like family.
[edit] Judson Candies: Pearl's sweet tooth
Although Pearl had long dominated the Texas market over Lone Star, that didn't stop the rivalry between the two. Each brewery was intent on being known as the brewery of Texas. Competition in the community was fierce, with both companies doing all they could to be associated with any large event. In the 1950s and 60s the competition was at its highest.[2] For San Antonio's week-long festival called Feista, each company would sponsor as many floats and events as possible in an attempt to get their name out the most in the public eye. During the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, Lone Star and Pearl would get into bidding wars over the blue ribbon winner of each show-animal category. The two breweries would drive the prices up sometimes triple the animal's worth, all in an attempt to best their rival.[3]
The strangest twist to the seamlessly endless rivalry involved a small candy company in San Antonio, called Judson Candies. In 1965 the Pearl Brewing Company bought Judson Candies from the three sons whose father had helped found the business.[4] On its own, Judson was a profitable company that had an established name in the candy industry. Judson wasn't on the level of Hershey or Mars, but Judson did have strong sales in the Southwest. Pearl simply made the Judson sons an offer they couldn't refuse. So, in 1965 Judson Candies joined the Pearl and Goetz families under the umbrella of the Pearl Brewing Company.
Judson was part of the company, but in many ways it was still very independent. Financial backing came down from Pearl, but Judson still made decisions on their own, setting their own strategic goals independently of Pearl. Whatever the decisions were at Judson, they obviously worked. From the day Pearl acquired them, up until they were sold off to members of the Atkinson's Candy family in 1983, Judson remained a profitable business. When the Atkinsons bought Judson, the only real evidence of ownership by a larger company, and one in a completely different industry, was the office furniture and supplies. Everything in the Judson offices were labeled with "Property of the Pearl Brewing Company" and items such as pencils, pens, ashtrays, notepads, and even first aid kits were branded with the Pearl logos.[5]
Although profitable and requiring little oversight, there was never an official statement on why Pearl purchased Judson. Other than support for Judson, Pearl never branded their name on any of the candy products, even in an era when it was completely acceptable for celebrities and popular cartoon characters to push adult-oriented items such as alcohol and cigarettes.[6] From the surface, it makes no sense that a major brewery would enter a completely foreign market to buy a company and support it, yet not use the purchased company in the larger company's goals. It makes no sense at all, that is until you look at the purchase in the context of the feud between Pearl and Lone Star that is.
In 1949 Mr. Harry Jersig became president of Lone Star, and effectively the nemesis to Otto A. Koehler.[7] Through the 50s and 60s, competition between the two was fierce and generated a no-holds-barred mentality. Mr. Jersig hadn't always been in the brewing industry, and in fact got his start doing something completely different. Mr. Jersig learned the ropes of business while working in the Judson Candies Company for many years.[8] In fact, Jersig worked at Judson so long, that he considered the owners and workers at Judson Candies like family. Decades later in 1965, Jersig's adopted family was purchased by his biggest competitor. Pearl's purchase of Judson might not have made any sense in the form of black-and-white business strategy, but it was pure gold in the propaganda and mental war against Lone Star.
[edit] Royal Crown Cola
- Section under construction.
[edit] Southdown: end of an era
- Section under construction.
[edit] Paul Kalmanovitz & merger mania
- Section under construction.
[edit] Pabst: domination of a brand
- Section under construction.
[edit] 2000s
The new millennium didn't bring a change in luck for Pearl or Pabst as a whole. Changes instituted in the 1990s saved money, but didn't solve the company's larger problems. To stay alive, Pabst needed a change, a huge one. As our calendars and clocks turned to celebrate 2000, Pabst's new strategic plan was well underway. In order to save even more money, they had devised a bold idea to save the company, closing all of their breweries and ending their own beer production. The Pearl Brewery's days as a full blown brewery were numbered.
After 118 years of brewing along the San Antonio River, the doors to the Pearl Brewery closed. The community felt betrayed by Pabst, resulting in countless less-than-pleasant articles in the local papers and on the Internet. The public only saw that Pabst had closed a historic part of San Antonio and forced over 150 workers into unemployment. In truth though, the resulting situation wasn't completely Pabst's own doing. Consumers had moved on, following the media and promotional blitz of Anheuser-Busch and Miller. A domino effect had occurred that most just couldn't see that had forced Pabst to make the decisions they did. Pearl's sales had been slipping for decades, resulting in less capital to maintain Pearl's quality, which resulted in even more people turning against the brew. With a lack of cash, no foreseeable increase in sales, and faced with sub-par equipment in an aging facility, Pabst made the only business decision they possibly could and shut the brewery doors.
In January 2001 the doors to the brewery were closed. The paths of the Pearl Brewing Company split, one path following the beers themselves as they left San Antonio along with Pabst, and the other staying with the abandoned facilities.
[edit] Pearl today
[edit] The beers
Today, the Pabst Brewing Company is a virtual brewery. Pabst no longer owns or operates any of their former breweries. Every brewery Pabst either built or bought has been shut down, the Pearl Brewery being one of them. Instead, Pabst contracts out the brewing of all of their beers to other brewers. By far, Pabst's largest agreement is with Miller Brewing Company, which produces Pabst's major brands as well as Pearl and Lone Star. Although Pabst’s more popular beers such as Colt 45, Stroh’s, and Pabst Blue Ribbon are produced at just about every Miller facility, Pearl is only brewed at the Ft. Worth, Texas location.
Pearl, Pearl Light, and Country Club are still available to this day, but only in small volumes and in select markets such as Texas and Oklahoma. Today's distribution is a far cry from the 47-state coverage Pearl's beers once enjoyed. In addition, the variety Pearl's beers were available in has also decreased. Although previously produced and sold in every form, such as bottles, cans, and kegs, the current iteration of Pearl is only available in 12-packs of 12-oz. cans. Likewise Country Club has been reduced to only 40-oz. bottles. Many who have tasted Pearl before and after the Pabst merger claim the formula has changed, customers say today’s Pearl tastes like a weaker version of Budweiser. Officially though, Pabst claims the formula used for today's Pearl is the same that was originally bought by the San Antonio Brewing Association back in 1886.
It's hard to say what will be come of the last three of the Pearl Brewing Company's once proud beer portfolio. Pabst seems to have no intentions of working to bring Pearl, Pearl Light, or Country Club back into the mainstream like they have done with Lone Star beer. One interesting tidbit to note though is how Pabst has treated some of the other beers in a similar position as Pearl. The Narragansett brand was acquired when General Brewing(Pabst) purchased the Falstaff Brewing Company in 1975. Until recently, Narragansett, like Pearl, was a minor player in Pabst's beer portfolio. In 2005 Narragansett was sold off to a group of investors who reestablished the Narragansett Brewing Company. Countless beer fans would love to see all of Pearl's beers, or at least Pearl and Pearl Light, brought back to the brewery in San Antonio that carries its name.
[edit] The brewery
When operations ceased at the Pearl Brewery in 2001, many thought it would be the end for the brewery's buildings. The brewery's proximity to downtown San Antonio and the easy access to several highways led many to believe it would be a prime target to be razed and replaced. However, the two attributes, along with another surprise development, actually saved the brewery facilities and helped to ensure its architecture would survive. San Antonio has a plan underway to expand the River Walk, which has brought and will bring money to the River Walk expansion areas. As luck would have it, the Pearl Brewery is mere feet from a section of the river expansion, thus making it an attractive location and will be sure to qualify for any incentives the city will implement to assist business development.
Toward the end of 2002, Silver Ventures (San Antonio-based investment firm) purchased the 23-acre brewery site. Fortunately, the company has big plans for many of the current structures on the brewery property, with the hopes to attract businesses as well as River Walk tourists. The dream of Silver Ventures is that once completed, the former brewery will be a village within eyesight of downtown San Antonio. In a local article,[9] Bill Shown, the development's managing director, described an area that would house an event hall, schools, retail, office and residential space. The idea is to create an area where people can live, shop, and work, yet a close-knit-enough community where residents know the shop owners. Most of the older buildings are scheduled for remodeling and restoration, but the 1970s-style metal warehouses and production facilities are sure to meet with the wrecker’s ball soon.
The brewery's garage, which was built in 1939, houses the Aveda Institute, a global company focusing on environmentally friendly personal products. In the same building as Aveda, there's an excellent cafe named "Texas Farm to Table", which only uses Texas-grown ingredients. The renovation updated the building to meet the current business needs, but still maintains the brewery feel to the exterior by reusing beer storage tanks as landscaping water tanks and a few of the garage's old red pumps. The garage was the first facility opened in Silver Ventures' new Pearl Brewery and gave the public a glimpse of what was to come.
The Center for Foods of the Americas, an upscale culinary institute developed in consultation with the Culinary Institute of America, utilizes one of the brewery's large sheds. The old garage doors of the shed have been removed and replaced by large windows to show off the lines of counters, sinks, and spotless shiny pots hanging from the ceiling. The school offers a 30-week Culinary Arts Certificate Program, geared to take students from the very basics of cooking to the finish where students prepare their own graduation celebration.
The former Pearl Corral/Jersey Lilly has been completely remodeled and renamed. Now called the Pearl Stable, the new facility opened in May 2006 and serves as the showpiece of Phase 1 of the overall project. Without creating an independent Wikipedia page for the Pearl Stable, describing the level of attention to detail on the outside and especially the inside is near impossible. Simply stated, the Pearl Stable is amazing. The building retained its oval shape, and architects rebuilt the glazed skylight cupola and a recreation of the stable's false-front pediment, which were originally on the stable. Above the main entrance, the pediment displays the stable’s construction date, 1894. The Pearl Stable is geared to compete with other event halls by offering a full commercial kitchen, easy loading access for caterers, and a state-of-the-art theatrical lighting and sound system. In addition, Pearl Stable will eventually house a museum section featuring the brewery's history through pictures, artifacts, and memorabilia.
May 2006 also saw the return of another piece of history to the Pearl Brewery. As the new Pearl Stable opened its doors, Engine #2 of the Texas Transportation Company returned from a complete restoration. Originally built 1909 as lot #758 by the St. Louis, Missouri-based St. Louis Car Company, Engine #2 saw service with two Texas-based companies prior to coming to Pearl. The engine saw most of its career in use at the Pearl Brewery after the Texas Transportation Company purchased the engine in 1948. Today the engine's paint scheme is exactly the one used on the locomotive from the time it arrived at the brewery up through the early 1970s. Restored at the country's premier locomotive and passenger car restoration service, the Trans-Texas Rail Shop, Engine #2 is immaculate and one of the few examples of electric locomotives on display.
[edit] Pearl & the railroads
[edit] Texas Transportation Company
The Texas Transportation Company (AAR reporting marks TXTC) was a Class III short-line railroad in San Antonio, Texas, that serviced the Pearl Brewery. The company operated electric locomotives on their 1.3-mile line for more than 113 years. TXTC was originally started as a private company in 1887 until it was chartered on September 24, 1897.[10] In the early days when the Lone Star Brewing Company was located on W. Jones Avenue, TXTC serviced both breweries. Service ended for the line when the Pearl Brewery closed in 2001.
[edit] Texas Transportation Museum
- Section under construction.
[edit] Pearl's rail car operations
- Section under construction.
[edit] Three xXx of Texas
The triple X logo has long been associated with Pearl. In fact, it was used at the brewery even before Pearl beer became synonymous with the company. When the San Antonio Brewing Association bought the City Brewery and opened it for business in the 1880s, they used the triple Xs in the brewery’s logo. Three large Xs were enclosed in a circle, with the words “City Brewery” on both sides or around the outside of the circle. This was the brewery’s first logo under the San Antonio Brewing Association and thus appeared on all of their advertising and the majority of their bottled and kegged beers.
With the start of Prohibition, the triple Xs disappeared as the company was forced to transform itself and try to survive. The brewery produced a wide variety of bottled drinks during the beer-less time, including Near beer and Root Beer. Other companies had picked up on the use of Xs on their near or root beers, but Pearl (at that time Alamo Industries/Foods) never used the Xs on any of their products. The Xs were gone from the brewery during Prohibition, but not forgotten.
When the ban on beer ended in 1933, the brewery quickly began the production of beer once again. The bottles of Pearl and Texas Pride rolled off the supply chains and onto retail shelves and saloon bars once again. Along with their return, the triple Xs returned as well. The Xs were absent from advertising and the company logo for 15 years after Prohibition, but they held a prominent status on every single bottle. In the late 1940s the brewery launched an advertising campaign stating the brewery's beers were the “Three xXx of Texas.” The triple Xs took a renewed and increased role at the brewery, but their growth in prominence didn’t end there.
In 1952 when the San Antonio Brewing Association changed its name to the Pearl Brewing Company, the triple Xs joined the Pearl name as a dominate image on the product and the company as a whole. The triple Xs were back on the company logo and were used all over almost all of Pearl's advertisements. The Xs held this significant role up to the very end of production at the brewery in 2001, when the brewery closed its doors the company logo was abandoned. In addition, as production of Pearl beer and Pearl Light spun up at Miller Brewing Company’s Fort Worth facility the product logos were designed. The updated label doesn't utilize the triple Xs, thus a significant part of company identity has been virtually eliminated.
The three Xs are actually a quality rating system. The system was initially used in Europe during the 16th Century. As European royalty traveled their lands and visited neighboring counties, a royal courier was sent ahead of the official party. The courier’s job was to sample beer at inns along the way. If the beer was only average, the courier would mark the inn’s sign or door with a single X. If the inn’s beer was deemed good, the sign or door would receive two Xs. A mark on an inn of three Xs meant that the beer inside was excellent, and a must-stop for the royal court as they passed through.
The triple Xs were adopted by the San Antonio Brewing Association to portray two things: the high quality of their beers, and the pride that workers put into every ounce of their products. As far as we can tell today, the triple X designation was never bestowed on the brewery by any member or associate of European royalty. The royal rating system is almost forgotten these days, yet it lived on for over a century in different forms at the brewery. The triple Xs may be gone from company and Pearl beer logos, but it hasn't completely vanished. In the 1960s Pearl absorbed the Goetz Brewing Company and make Country Club Malt Liquor one of Pearl’s key products. When Country Club received its only product makeover a few years after the buyout, Country Club gained the addition of the triple Xs in its logo. The Xs were situated in the top-center of the logo’s crown. Country Club is still produced today, and it still carries the “xXx” mark of Pearl even after all these years.
In 2006 the triple Xs made a huge comeback. When the old horse stables were converted from the Jersey Lilly into the Pearl Stable by Silver Ventures the “xXx” was a massive part of the building’s motif. The triple Xs were incorporated into areas such as the chandeliers, the millwork above all the doors, massive bronze plagues above the stage and around the mezzanine, in the custom carpet, and ever the rafter bracing. There are so many Xs that it defies logic. At almost every event the audience is dared to count all the sets of triple Xs. To date no one has put forth a serious effort, and it’s doubted that even Silver Ventures knows exactly how many Xs are in the Pearl Stable.
[edit] Pearl City, Texas
It's not uncommon to see beers named after the towns they were brewed in. For example, Texas' own Shiner is of course brewed in Shiner, Texas.[11] Naming a beer after a local town or city accomplishes two things. First, it establishes name recognition. Second, it ensures that an increased number of people will at least try the beer, since it's local and they believe that either the beer will be fresher than a beer trucked in from somewhere else, or that the local beer might be more attuned to the area's general taste in beer.
So, seeing a local brewery name a beer after the town or city is pretty common. However, what isn’t common is a town named after a beer. That's exactly what happened though in Texas with Pearl. In a small community just west of Yoakum, Texas, a small store had the highest Pearl beer single point of sales for a number of years prior to Prohibition.[12] Walter G. Hagens' general store was the focal point of the community, and it had sold Pearl’s beers by the truck load and still sold a rather large volume of the Prohibition-era non-alcoholic Pearl. The idea to name the town after Pearl was concocted by Hagens and the local Pearl distributor, R. J. Eslinger.[13] In 1942 the motion passed and the German/Czech town became know as Pearl City.[14]
[edit] The History of Ranching mural
When the Pearl Brewery, then the San Antonio Brewing Association, remodeled their stables into a new meeting/hospitality facility, they had no idea of the importance of some of their decorating choices. The remodeled stables, dubbed the Pearl Corral, focused on a Western theme, with a wide range of influences. The Corral contained a replica of Judge Roy Bean's saloon, cactus decorations, ranching fence lines, and the center attraction — a massive mural depicting the days of the old West.[15] Created by Southwest artist James Buchanan “Buck” Winn, his work titled The History of Ranching measured 6 feet tall and over 280 feet wide. The mural wrapped completely around the Corral's main room and remained there for two decades.
[edit] Images
[edit] Brewery: recent
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 Texas Farm to Table |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
[edit] Brewery: historic
[edit] 1800s
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
[edit] 1900–1949
 |
 |
[edit] 1950–1969
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
[edit] 1970–2006
 circa 1970s |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
[edit] Miscellaneous
 Aug 2006 |
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Staats Collection) |
 Texas Pride label |
 Pearl beer label |
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Staats Collection) |
 |
 |
 |
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Pearl's first canned beer) |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
[edit] Important people
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Staats Collection) |
 (Staats Collection) |
[edit] References
- ^ Strange Brew San Antonio Current. October 30, 2003. Accessed December 22, 2006.
- ^ Charlie Staats. Personal. October 21, 2006.
- ^ Charlie Staats. Personal. October 21, 2006.
- ^ Judson-Atkinson Candies History Judson-Atkinson Candies, January 12, 2006. Accessed on January 2, 2007.
- ^ Amy Atkinson-Voltz, Judson-Atkinson Candies. Telephone. September 18, 2006.
- ^ Lighten Up and Light Up, TVParty.com, February 19, 2005. Accessed on January 1, 2007.
- ^ Lone Star: Profile, Myspace.com, July 18, 2005. Accessed on January 6, 2007.
- ^ Charlie Staats. Personal. October 21, 2006.
- ^ Pearl Brewery: Precious restoration. MySanAntonio.com. March 10, 2006. Accessed December 22, 2006.
- ^ Texas Transportation Company, Handbook of Texas Online. June 6, 2001. Accessed on February 15, 2007.
- ^ About Us Shiner.com. March 15, 2006. Accessed on February 7, 2007.
- ^ Pearl City, Texas Handbook of Texas Online. June 6, 2001. Accessed on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Night in Old Pearl City. Yoakum Area Chamber of Commerce pamphlet. Yoakum: Texas, 2006.
- ^ Night in Old Pearl City Yoakum Area Chamber of Commerce. November 27, 2006. Accessed on January 2, 2007.
- ^ Beverly Fondan. Personal Interview. October 5, 2006.
[edit] Additional references
- SA Current: The season is the reason - Background and review on Texas Farm to Table.
- SA Current: Clickity-clack - Information on the future of the Texas Transportation Co.
- SA Current: No Dick's need apply - In-depth article on plans to make the section of river near the brewery a city park and tourist mecca.
- Texas & Beer - Beer in the heart of Texas.
- Handbook of Texas Online: Pearl Brewery - History of Pearl Brewing Company
- Handbook of Texas Online: Texas Transportation Co. - Small history of the two companies to use the name.
- Handbook of Texas Online: Texas Brewing Industry - Provides information their main Pearl page lacks.
- SA Business Journal - Silver Ventures discovers a pearl in former brewery site.
- Don's Rail Photos: Texas Transportation Company - Complete history of the brewery's electric rail line.
- MySA.com: Pearl keeps its promise - Review of Phase 1 of the project and some future plans.
- Falstaff History - Great details on their merger with Paul Kalmanovitz/Pearl/Pabst.
- Tavern Trove: Pearl - Listing of Pearl Brewing Company's names.
- Tavern Trove: Goetz - Listing of Goetz Brewing Company's names.
- Texas Breweries: Pearl Brewing Company - A different view on the history of Pearl.
- ACCD's Koehler House History - Provides a wealth of background information on the Koehlers.
- Judson-Atkinson Candies' History - Company timeline that show's Pearl's purchase in 1965.
[edit] External links
- Pabst Brewing Company - Current owner of the Pearl beer brands.
- Aveda Institute San Antonio - Contains photo and video tour of their facility, Pearl's former garage.
- Center for Foods of the Americas - Site features photos and info on their new facility, one of Pearl's old warehouses.
- Pearl Stable - Site with several historic photos.
- Wimberley Institute of Cultures - WIC's page on the Buck Winn mural.
- Texas State University's Special Collections at the Alkek Library - Texas State's page on their sections of the Buck Winn mural.
- Pearl Memorabilia - Site featuring one man's gigantic Pearl memorabilia collection.
- Texas Transportation Co. Photo Album - Pictures of the brewery's engine used to bring in railcars.
-
- Satellite image from WikiMapia, Google Maps or Windows Live Local
- Street map from MapQuest or Google Maps
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image from TerraServer-USA
