User:Paul August/Subpage 1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thestorides of Phocaea: possible author of Little Iliad.
see: [1]
Coin info: Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics
In 133 BC, when Attalus III, the last king of Pergamon, died (having bequethed his kingdom to Rome) control of Phocaea passed into Roman hands. The following year Aristonicus, (perhaps the son of Attalus's brother Eumenes II) led a popular uprising against Rome, which the Phocaeans joined. In 133 BC the uprising was put down. And according to Justinus: The people of Marseilles sent ambassadors to Rome to intercede for the Phocaeans their friends, whose city and even name the senate had ordered to be destroyed, because, both at that time, and previously in the war against Antiochus, they had taken up arms against the Roman people. The embassy obtained from the senate a pardon for them. (Marcus Junianus Justinus, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus Book, XXXVII [2])
"There was however a son of Eumenes, named Aristonicus, not born in wedlock, but of an Ephesian mistress, the daughter of a player on the harp; and this young man, after the death of Attalus, laid claim to the throne of Asia as having been his father’s. When he had fought several successful battles against the provinces, which, from fear of the Romans, refused to submit to him, and seemed to be established as king. Asia was assigned by the senate to the command of Licinius Crassus, who, being more eager to plunder the treasures of Attalus than to distinguish himself in the field, and fighting a battle, at the end of the year, with his army in disorder, was defeated, and paid the penalty for his blind avarice by the loss of his life. The consul Perperna being sent in his place, reduced Aristonicus, who was defeated in the first engagement, under his power, and carried off the treasures of Attalus, bequeathed to the Roman people, on ship-board to Rome. Marcus Aquilius, Perperna’s successor, envying his good fortune, hastened, with the utmost expedition, to snatch Aristonicus from Perperna’s hands, as if he ought rather to grace his own triumph. But the death of Perperna put an end to the rivalry between the consuls. Asia, thus becoming a province of the Romans, brought to Rome its vices together with its wealth ([3])
"Pompey gave Phocaea its independence. In the Early Christian era, the city became the center of a diocese, and in A.D. 1275 the Genoese, who were mining alum there, fortified the town with a castle. [4]
"Telephanes of Phokaia was a sculptor for Darius and Xerxes in the 5th c. B.C., and according to Vitruvius (7 Praef. 12) Theodoros of Phokaia wrote on the Tholos at Delphi and was probably the builder of it (beginning of the 4th c. B.C.).
"In ancient times a temple stood on the highest point of a rocky platform at the end of the peninsula, where the secondary school now stands. Excavations have yielded many fragments of bases, columns, capitals, and architectural terracottas which may have been part of the Temple of Athena mentioned by Xenophon (Hell. 13.1) and Pausanias (2.31.6; 7.5.4). Constructed of fine white porous stone, the building seems to have been erected in the second quarter of the 6th c. B.C., and restored about the end of the same century after its destruction by the Persians. The architectural and other finds are in the Izmir Museum.
"The rock monument N of the asphalt road, 7 km E of Foça, was not built but was carved out of the rock, like the tombs found in Lycia, Lydia, and Phrygia. The pattern of a door on the facade also appears on Lydian works in the vicinity; but on the other hand, the monument follows the Lycian custom in having two stories, with the upper one in the form of a sarcophagus. The burial chamber, however, was on the ground floor, and the presence of a stepped element between the two floors is indicative of Achaemenid influence. The building must have been erected in memory of a minor king, and therefore during a time when non-democratic Persian rulers dominated the region. There were tyrants close by at Larisa during the 5th and 4th c., and the Phokaian monument may have been that of a tyrant who ruled a small area in the 4th c. B.C.
"The tomb called ?eytan Hamami (the Devil's Baths), in Foça itself, is carved out of rock like some of the Lydian tombs. The Greek sherds found in this grave date from the end of the 4th c.> [5]
According to a slightly different theory, Phocaean Greeks brought the olive tree with them from Phocaea, an ancient Ionian city in West Asia Minor on the Aegean, when they founded Marseilles in Southern France circa 600 BC [6]
see [7]
Image of phocaea from space: http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/lores.pl?PHOTO=STS078-732-56
"although we know from Thucydides (iv. 52 ?????????? ???????? ????????), writing of the events of B.C. 425, and from Demosthenes (xl. 36 ??????????? ???????? ??????) that large numbers of Phocaean staters must have circulated side by side with the hectae. Staters and hectae of Phocaea are also mentioned in Attic inscriptions dating from B.C. 429 (I. G., ed. Kirchhoff, i. 199 and 207) ???????? ????? ???????, and from B.C. 397 (I. G., 652, l. 42) ??????? ??????? : II : ????? ???????? ... (l. 44) ????? ??????, &c. "
