Palestine Peace Not Apartheid

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Further information: Commentary on Palestine Peace Not Apartheid
Title Palestine Peace Not Apartheid
Image:Palestine peace not apartheid.jpg
Cover showing the author, left, and protesters at the Israeli West Bank barrier, right
Author Jimmy Carter
Cover artist Michael Accordino
Country United States of America
Language English
Subject(s) Political Science
Publisher Simon & Schuster
Released 14 November 2006
Media type Hardback
Pages 264
ISBN ISBN 978-0-7432-8502-5
Preceded by Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis
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Palestine Peace Not Apartheid is a controversial New York Times Best Seller written by Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and winner of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, and published by Simon and Schuster in November 2006.[1] While President, Carter hosted talks between Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin in 1978 that led to a comprehensive peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, and, since his presidency, he has occasionally commented on the Arab-Israeli conflict.

In this book Carter argues that "Israel's continued control and colonization of Palestinian land have been the primary obstacles to a comprehensive peace agreement in the Holy Land."[2] That perspective, coupled with Apartheid in the titular phrase (which many regard as a subtitle) Peace Not Apartheid and complaints of errors and misstatements in the book, has raised great controversy throughout the mass media and academia and led to a total of 15 resignations from the Carter Center Board of Councilors and even widespread condemnation by representatives of the Democratic Party.[3][4][5] Carter has defended his book against various charges ranging from "lies" and "distortions" to "anti-Semitism" while arguing its has received a favorable popular reception by readers "in the real world."[6]


Further information: #Book_excerpts and #Book_summary

Contents

[edit] Purpose, main argument, and major points

[edit] "The ultimate purpose"

“

The ultimate purpose of my book is to present facts about the Middle East that are largely unknown in America, to precipitate discussion and to help restart peace talks (now absent for six years) that can lead to permanent peace for Israel and its neighbors. Another hope is that Jews and other Americans who share this same goal might be motivated to express their views, even publicly, and perhaps in concert. I would be glad to help with that effort.[6]

 ”

[edit] Thesis: How to achieve "permanent peace in the Middle East"

Carter identifies "two interrelated obstacles to permanent peace in the Middle East":

[1] Some Israelis believe they have the right to confiscate and colonize Palestinian land and try to justify the sustained subjugation and persecution of increasingly hopeless and aggravated Palestinians; and
[2] Some Palestinians react by honoring suicide bombers as martyrs to be rewarded in heaven and consider the killing of Israelis as victories.[2]

To bring an end to what he calls "this continuing tragedy," in Chapter 17 ("Summary"), Carter calls for a revitalization of the peace process following these two "key requirements":

a. The security of Israel must be guaranteed. The Arabs must acknowledge openly and specifically that Israel is a reality and has a right to exist in peace, behind secure and recognized borders, and with a firm Arab pledge to terminate any further acts of violence against the legally constituted nation of Israel.
b. The internal debate within Israel must be resolved in order to define Israel's permanent legal boundary. The unwavering official policy of the United States since Israel became a state has been that its borders must coincide with those prevailing from 1949 until 1967 (unless modified by mutually agreeable land swaps), specified in the unanimously adopted U.N. Resolution 242, which mandates Israel's withdrawal from occupied territories. This obligation was reconfirmed by Israel's leaders in agreements negotiated in 1978 at Camp David and in 1993 at Oslo, for which they received the Nobel Peace Prize, and both of these commitments were officially ratified by the Israeli government. Also, as a member of the International Quartet that includes Russia, the United Nations, and the European Union, America supports the Roadmap for Peace, which espouses exactly the same requirements. Palestinian leaders unequivocally accepted this proposal, but Israel has officially rejected its key provisions with unacceptable caveats and prerequisites.[2]

[edit] "Some major points"

In his recent op-ed entitled "Reiterating the Keys to Peace," published in the Boston Globe on December 20, 2006, Jimmy Carter summarizes what he calls "[s]ome major points in the book":

  • Multiple deaths of innocent civilians have occurred on both sides, and this violence and all terrorism must cease.
  • For 39 years, Israel has occupied Palestinian land, and has confiscated and colonized hundreds of choice sites.
  • Often excluded from their former homes, land, and places of worship, protesting Palestinians have been severely dominated and oppressed. There is forced segregation between Israeli settlers and Palestine's citizens, with a complex pass system required for Arabs to traverse Israel's multiple checkpoints.
  • An enormous wall snakes through populated areas of what is left of the West Bank, constructed on wide swaths of bulldozed trees and property of Arab families, obviously designed to acquire more territory and to protect the Israeli colonies already built. (Hamas declared a unilateral cease-fire in August 2004 as its candidates sought local and then national offices, which they claim is the reason for reductions in casualties to Israeli citizens.)
  • Combined with this wall, Israeli control of the Jordan River Valley will completely enclose Palestinians in their shrunken and divided territory. Gaza is surrounded by a similar barrier with only two openings, still controlled by Israel. The crowded citizens have no free access to the outside world by air, sea, or land.
  • The Palestinian people are now being deprived of the necessities of life by economic restrictions imposed on them by Israel and the United States because 42 percent voted for Hamas candidates in this year's election. Teachers, nurses, policemen, firemen, and other employees cannot be paid, and the UN has reported food supplies in Gaza equivalent to those among the poorest families in sub-Sahara Africa, with half the families surviving on one meal a day.
  • Mahmoud Abbas, first as prime minister and now as president of the Palestinian National Authority and leader of the PLO, has sought to negotiate with Israel for almost six years, without success. Hamas leaders support such negotiations, promising to accept the results if approved by a Palestinian referendum.
  • UN Resolutions, the Camp David Accords of 1978, the Oslo Agreement of 1993, official US Policy, and the International Roadmap for Peace are all based on the premise that Israel withdraw from occupied territories. Also, Palestinians must accept the same commitment made by the 23 Arab nations in 2002: to recognize Israel's right to live in peace within its legal borders. These are the two keys to peace.[7]
    See also: #Book_summary
    See also: #Related_opinion-editorials_and_interviews_by_Jimmy_Carter

    [edit] Critical reaction and commentary: Brief summary

    See main article: Commentary on Palestine Peace Not Apartheid

    Critical response to Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid has been mixed. Some journalists and academics have praised Carter for what they regard as his courage in speaking honestly about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in a media environment which they believe to be hostile to opponents of Israel's policies. Others have been more negative. According to The New York Times, criticism of the book "has escalated to a full-scale furor," much of which has focused on Carter's use of the word "apartheid" in the subtitle.[8] Some of the book's critics, including several leaders of the Democratic Party and of American Jewish organizations, have interpreted the subtitle as an allegation of Israeli apartheid, which they believe to be inflammatory and unsubstantiated.[9][10] Some reviewers have accused Carter of engaging in hyperbole throughout the book, placing too much of the burden of responsibility for what he regards as the plight and mistreatment of the Palestinians on Israel, and misrepresenting historical facts.[11][12] One reviewer stresses that Carter's "overstatement" in the book "hardly adds up to anti-Semitism," as some American Jewish leaders have charged, and the national director of the Anti-Defamation League later said that he would not "call" the former president himself an "anti-Semite" or a "bigot".[12][13][14] Several familiar with Israeli press reportage, including some Israeli politicians, argue that Carter's critique of Israeli policy in the Palestinian territories reflects that of many Israelis themselves.[15]

    [edit] Carter's response to criticism of the book

    Further information: Commentary on Palestine Peace Not Apartheid

    Carter has responded to negative reviews in the mainstream media in an op-ed published in the Los Angeles Times (which was excerpted in the London Guardian and elsewhere):

    Book reviews in the mainstream media have been written mostly by representatives of Jewish organizations who would be unlikely to visit the occupied territories, and their primary criticism is that the book is anti-Israel. Two members of Congress have been publicly critical. Incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi for instance, issued a statement (before the book was published) saying that "he does not speak for the Democratic Party on Israel." Some reviews posted on Amazon.com call me "anti-Semitic," and others accuse the book of "lies" and "distortions." A former Carter Center fellow has taken issue with it, and Alan Dershowitz called the book's title "indecent."

    Out in the real world, however, the response has been overwhelmingly positive. I've signed books in five stores, with more than 1,000 buyers at each site. I've had one negative remark — that I should be tried for treason — and one caller on C-SPAN said that I was an anti-Semite. My most troubling experience has been the rejection of my offers to speak, for free, about the book on university campuses with high Jewish enrollment and to answer questions from students and professors. I have been most encouraged by prominent Jewish citizens and members of Congress who have thanked me privately for presenting the facts and some new ideas.[6][16]

    He also wrote a "Letter to Jewish Citizens of America" explaining "his use of the term 'apartheid' and sympathizing with Israelis who fear terrorism."[17]

    As Greg Bluestein of the Associated Press observes, in a report updated after Carter's "Letter to Jewish Citizens of America" was published, Carter replied generally to charges by Dennis Ross, Alan Dershowitz, Kenneth Stein, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and others that his book contains errors and inaccuracies by pointing out that the Carter Center staff as well as an "unnamed 'distinguished' reporter" fact-checked it.[18]

    [edit] Public and other programs pertaining to the book

    Carter has said that debate on issues concerning Israel is silenced in the U.S. media because of lobbying efforts by the pro-Israel lobby:

    [M]any controversial issues concerning Palestine and the path to peace for Israel are intensely debated among Israelis and throughout other nations — but not in the United States. . . . This reluctance to criticize any policies of the Israeli government is because of the extraordinary lobbying efforts of the American-Israel Political Action Committee [sic] and the absence of any significant contrary voices."[6][16]

    He stresses that through the debate among others that he hopes this book will stimulate and through his own related public-speaking and media appearances, he hopes to tear down the "impenetrable wall" that stops the American people from seeing the plight of Palestinians.[6][16]

    [edit] Brandeis University visit

    In early December 2006 Brandeis University invited Carter to visit the university to debate his book with Alan Dershowitz: "Brandeis president Jehuda Reinharz said he agreed with a trustee's suggestion to invite Carter last month [December 2006], if Carter were willing to debate one of his most outspoken critics, Harvard Law professor Alan Dershowitz."[19]

    But Carter declined that invitation, explaining:

    "I don't want to have a conversation even indirectly with Dershowitz. There is no need to for me to debate somebody who, in my opinion, knows nothing about the situation in Palestine." The school's debate request, Carter said, is proof that many in the United States are unwilling to hear an alternative view on the nation's most taboo foreign policy issue, Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory.... "There is no debate in America about anything that would be critical of Israel," he said.[19]

    Dershowitz has criticized Carter's refusal to debate him: "Carter’s refusal to debate wouldn't be so strange if it weren't for the fact that he claims that he wrote the book precisely so as to start debate over the issue of the Israel-Palestine peace process. If that were really true, Carter would be thrilled to have the opportunity to debate."[20]

    Further information: Alan Dershowitz#Jimmy Carter's book Palestine Peace Not Apartheid and Alan Dershowitz#Alan Dershowitz and Jimmy Carter

    According to an article entitled "Brandeis Group Pursues Carter Visit: Professors Call Debate an Insult," published in the Boston Globe on December 22, 2006, however:

    Patricia Johnston, a professor of classics, said she and many colleagues have offered to chip in perhaps $100 each to pay for whatever travel and security costs a Carter visit would entail. "Who is Alan Dershowitz?" Johnston said. Carter "is the former president of the United States, who has done so much to further the cause of peace in the Middle East and elsewhere. It's an insult to suggest that he should have to defend himself that way." She said she envisioned Carter giving a traditional speech and taking audience questions.[21]

    On December 26, 2006, WCVB-TV (an ABC-TV affiliate), reports that "[a]bout 100 students, faculty and alumni of Brandeis University have signed an online petition to push the administration to bring former President Carter to campus to discuss his new book on Palestine, without being required to debate it."[22]

    The Boston Globe reports that since it initially revealed "that Carter felt unwelcome on the Waltham campus, people have argued over whether he is unwilling to answer for his views, or whether Brandeis, which was founded by the American Jewish community, can't tolerate criticism of Israel. The latter is a view that some professors hope they can dispel by reviving the Carter visit."[21] "The main organizer of the effort, according to other professors, is Gordon Fellman, a sociologist who is chairman of Brandeis's program in peace, conflict, and coexistence studies...."[21] David Gil, a professor of social policy, is suggesting that "Brandeis should choose Carter's book next year [2007-2008] as the work that all incoming freshmen read over the summer and discuss it during orientation. Carter could visit to talk with them about it," Professor Gil says, and he "also has decided to assign the book in his spring [2007] seminar.[21]

    On January 10, 2007, it was reported that President Carter would discuss Palestine Peace Not Apartheid at Brandeis University but that he would "not, however, debate the book with" Dershowitz.[9] Brandeis officials reported that Carter would "be the first former president to visit Brandeis since Harry Truman delivered the commencement address in 1957.... It will be Carter's first visit to a university to discuss the book, [Carter's spokeswoman Deanna] Congileo said," confirming also "the president has set no conditions and would answer as many questions as possible"; Carter plans to "speak for about 15 minutes and then answer questions for 45 minutes during the visit." The speech, which occurred on January 23, 2007, was "closed to the public and limited to 'members of the university community only'"; nevertheless, Dershowitz said that he still planned to "attend and question Carter": "'I will be the first person to have my hand up to ask him a question,' he said. 'I guarantee that they won't stop me from attending.'"[23] On January 18, 2007, Fox News and other news outlets reported that Brandeis announced that while Dershowitz could not attend Carter's speech, after it ended, he would have the stage for a "rebuttal."[24]

    Further information: Alan Dershowitz#Jimmy Carter's book Palestine Peace Not Apartheid

    Streaming video of the speech (15 minutes), the question-and-answer period (45 minutes), followed by Dershowitz's rebuttal (one hour), have been posted on the Brandeis University website, as has been a transcript of Carter's remarks and ten of the questions and answers, preceded by a related student newspaper article.[3]

    The day after the speech, on January 24, 2007, The New York Times reported on the program in "At Brandeis, Jimmy Carter Responds to Critics": "Questions were preselected by the committee that invited Mr. Carter, and the questioners included an Israeli student and a Palestinian student.... After Mr. Carter left, Mr. Dershowitz spoke in the same gymnasium, saying that the former president oversimplified the situation and that his conciliatory and sensible-sounding speech at Brandeis belied his words in some other interviews."[25] According to David Weber, of ABC News, Carter said "that he stood by the book and its title, that he apologized for what he called an 'improper and stupid' sentence in the book [which he acknowledged seemed to justify terrorism by saying that suicide bombings should end when Israel accepts the goals of the road map to peace with Palestinians and which he had already instructed his publisher to remove from its future editions,] and that he had been disturbed by accusations that he was anti-Semitic.... [Carter]...acknowledged...that 'Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid' has 'caused great concern in the Jewish community,' but noted that it has nonetheless prompted discussion."[26][27][5] An editorial published in the Waltham, Massachusetts newspaper, the Daily News Tribune, concludes: "Carter succeeded in bringing to Brandeis a productive, civil debate."[28] Videotaped excerpts from Carter's visit to Brandeis were featured on several national news programs in the United States, such as NBC's morning program Today, along with follow-up interviews with him.[29]

    As a result of the visit, major donors told Brandeis University that they will no longer give it money in "retaliation", according to Stuart Eizenstat, chief domestic policy adviser and executive director of the White House Domestic Policy Staff during Carter's presidency and a current trustee of Brandeis, as quoted in The Jewish Week in mid-February 2007.[30] According to Brandeis student Kevin Montgomery, who led the Student Committee to bring Jimmy Carter to Brandeis, as also cited in the Jewish Week, the Brandeis University Development and Alumni Relations office had expected, prior to Carter's visit, to lose $5 million due to the visit.[30]

    [edit] "He Comes In Peace"

    According to the Boston Globe, Jonathan Demme "has been filming Carter for three months to compile footage for a documentary about the former president's book and Carter's efforts to increase debate on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict."[31] Time Out London reports that the film, entitled "He Comes in Peace," "follows the former President as he takes part in a book tour across America to publicise his new tome, 'Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid'."[32] While it granted camera access to members of the news media for their broadcasts, Brandeis University refused a request from Demme to film Carter's January 2007 speech for the end of the film, citing logistical and legal considerations.[31]

    [edit] Carter Center Conversation

    On February 22, 2007, former President Jimmy Carter participated in a "conversation" about Palestine Peace Not Apartheid with former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright at the Carter Center, moderated by Conflict Resolution Program Director Matthew Hodes. The event became sold out in early January 2007.[33] The event was simultaneously webcast in the Carter Center's online "multi-media" section, and the Center's website now includes a direct link to the "archived webcast."[34]

    [edit] George Washington University visit

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    On March 8, 2007 George Washington University hosted a visit by Carter during which he discussed his book. According to Beth Schwartzapfel[this source's reliability may need verification], in her report published in The Forward, a group of Jewish students led by Robert Fishman, executive director of the campus Hillel, dominated the microphones, preventing other students from asking their own questions, while asking questions critical of Carter prepared, forwarded, and distributed to them in advance by faculty and students at Emory University as if they were their own questions[neutrality disputed]:

    The sheet distributed to students listed five questions. Among the issues raised were Carter’s refusal to debate Harvard Law School professor Alan Dershowitz and former U.S. Middle East negotiator Dennis Ross; continuing Palestinian violence in Gaza; Carter’s assertion that Israel did not accept President Clinton’s peace proposal; whether donations from the Saudi royal family explains [sic] the failure of the Carter Center to criticize human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, and Carter’s decision to use the word “apartheid” in his book’s title.
    One of the students involved in distributing the handout, Aviva Berman, said that four of the five questions came directly from a list prepared by Deborah Lipstadt and other professors at Emory University, prior to Carter’s appearance at the school’s campus in Atlanta. "When Carter came to speak at Emory, they had those questions made up, so they just forwarded them to me," she told the Forward.[35]

    Schwartzapfel also cites "[a] video of the event, posted to the G.W. Web site, [which] shows that Carter received several standing ovations and long stretches of applause."[36] "But," Schwartzapfel continues, "an Associated Press story that ran immediately after the event characterized the audience as 'polite but mostly critical,'" adding: "Jack Stokes, an A.P. spokesman, told the Forward that the article’s description of the audience 'was based on [reporter Barry] Schweid’s observation of the speech, as well as the subsequent Q&A Carter engaged in with the students. The A.P. story stands as written.'"[35] Schweid observes:

    Despite the storm it ignited, former President Carter held fast on Thursday to his accusation that Israel oppresses the Palestinians on the West Bank and Gaza and seeks to colonize the land. Speaking at The George Washington University to a polite but mostly critical student audience, Carter offered no second thoughts on his book "Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid".... He said he was not accusing Israel of racism nor referring to its treatment of Arabs within the country. "I defined apartheid very carefully" as "the forced segregation by one people of another" on their own land, he said.[37]

    Schwartzapfel reports however[improper synthesis?]:

    Brian Hennessey, vice president of the Vineeta Foundation, which is making a documentary on Carter, alleged to the Forward that he witnessed G.W. Hillel director Robert Fishman and several Jewish students conspiring to control the Q&A session. According to Hennessey, a handout was distributed with negative questions and then the students strategically grabbed the seats closest to the microphones. Hennessey said that he overheard people in the group saying that the point of their strategy was to make sure that Carter, whose book, “Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid,” faced only tough questions.

    In the end, most of the eight questions fielded by Carter at the March 8 event took a pro-Israel tack in challenging the former president. Four of the students read their questions off of the sheet distributed beforehand.[35]

    Fishman told the Forward, Schwartzapfel reports further:"'You know how we did it, honestly?...We said, "Let’s sit near the microphones." They each had a copy of the questions, and then they stood on line.'"[35] Yet, she adds: "Hennessey asserted that the maneuver ended up influencing media coverage of the event. 'This small group successfully outgunned the microphones and managed to give some journalists this totally erroneous impression that that was how the student body felt about Carter,' he said."[35] Whereas "Hennessey, who described Carter’s book as 'very courageous,' contended that the G.W. students 'very successfully stood up and blocked anyone else from asking a question,'" Schwartzapfel continues:

    Berman insisted that she and her fellow pro-Israel students did nothing wrong. It wasn’t his [Fishman's] group’s responsibility "to let other people ask questions," he said. "If they wanted to get to the microphone quicker, they could have."

    Fishman also rejected the assertion that the students’ tactics were improper.
    "There was nothing done in there to stop anyone from asking questions," Fishman said. "It’s important that, when you have that many people in the room who may not be familiar with the Israeli-Palestinian situation, those people have the opportunity also to hear those areas that are questionable in the book."

    In that sense, Fishman said, his group’s approach "is what dialogue is about."[35]
    See also: #Public and other programs by Jimmy Carter pertaining to the book

    [edit] Notes

    1. ^ According to "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction," New York Times, accessed January 27, 2007: Palestine Peace Not Apartheid is number 6 on the list as of date accessed.
    2. ^ a b c Excerpt: Chapter 17: "Summary," online posting, Simon and Schuster, accessed January 27, 2007.
    3. ^ a b "Brandeis News: Full coverage of the Historic Jan. 23rd Visit by Former President Jimmy Carter," Brandeis University January 24, 2007, accessed January 27, 2007.
    4. ^ Tom Zeller, Jr., ""Carter and His Critics: The Skirmishes Continue," New York Times, The Lede (blog), January 12, 2007, assessed January 12, 2007; includes Letter of resignation dated January 11, 2007PDF (79.4 KiB).
    5. ^ a b Eric Pfeiffer, "Carter Apologizes for 'stupid' Book Passage," Washington Times January 26, 2007, accessed January 26, 2007.
    6. ^ a b c d e Jimmy Carter, "Speaking Frankly about Israel and Palestine", Los Angeles Times December 8, 2006, accessed December 24, 2006.
    7. ^ Jimmy Carter, "Reiterating the Keys to Peace," Boston Globe December 20, 2006, accessed January 3, 2007. (Bullets added.)
    8. ^ Julie Bosman, "Carter View of Israeli 'Apartheid' Stirs Furor," New York Times December 12, 2006, accessed January 13, 2007. (TimesSelect subscription required.)
    9. ^ a b Associated Press, "Atlanta: 14 Carter Center Advisers Resign in Protest Over Book," AccessNorthGA.com January 11, 2007, accessed January 11, 2007. (Timeline: 3:45:51 p.m.)
    10. ^ Brenda Goodman, "Carter Center Advisers Quit to Protest Book", New York Times January 12, 2007, accessed January 14, 2007.
    11. ^ Jeffrey Goldberg, "What Would Jimmy Do?" Washington Post December 10, 2006.
    12. ^ a b Ethan Bronner, "Jews, Arabs and Jimmy Carter," The New York Times Book Review January 7, 2007, accessed January 7, [[2007].
    13. ^ James D. Besser, "Jewish Criticism of Carter Intensifies: Charge of Anti-Semitism from One Leader as Ex-president Deepens His Critique of Israeli Policy in West Bank," The Jewish Week December 15, 2005, accessed January 8, 2007.
    14. ^ James Traub,"Does Abe Foxman Have an Anti-Anti-Semite Problem?" New York Times Magazine January 14, 2007: 30-35, accessed January 14, 2007 online; January 18, 2007 in print.
    15. ^ Yossi Beilin, "Carter Is No More Critical of Israel Than Israelis Themselves," The Forward, January 19, 2007, accessed January 20, 2007.
    16. ^ a b c Jimmy Carter, "Israel, Palestine, Peace and Apartheid," London Guardian December 12, 2006.
    17. ^ Associated Press, "Carter Explains Apartheid Reference in Letter to US Jews,", International Herald Tribune, December 15, 2006, accessed March 12, 2007.
    18. ^ Greg Bluestein, for the Associated Press, "Carter Defends His Book's Criticism of Israeli Policy," online posting, Examiner.com December 8, 2006, accessed December 24, 2006; updated in Associated Press, "Carter Explains Apartheid Reference in Letter to US Jews," online posting, Examiner.com December 15, 2006, accessed December 24, 2006.
    19. ^ a b Farah Stockman and Marcella Bombardieri, "Carter Book Won't Stir Brandeis Debate: Ex-president Was to Outline View on Palestinians," Boston Globe December 15, 2006.
    20. ^ Alan Dershowitz, "Why Won't Carter Debate His Book?" Boston Globe December 21, 2006.
    21. ^ a b c d "Brandeis Group Pursues Carter Visit: Professors Call Debate an Insult," Boston Globe December 22, 2006, accessed January 2, 2007.
    22. ^ "Brandeis Students Support Carter Visit: Students, Faculty Sign Online Petition," (updated) online posting, TheBostonChannel.com, WCVB-TV, Channel 5, Boston, December 26, 2006, accessed December 26, 2006.
    23. ^ Associated Press, "President Carter Will Come to Brandeis," Daily News Tribune January 11, 2007, accessed January 11, 2007.
    24. ^ Melissa Drosjack, "Brandeis University to Allow Rebuttal After Carter Speech," Fox News, January 18, 2007, accessed January 19, 2007.
    25. ^ Pam Belluck, "Jimmy Carter Responds to Critics at Brandeis," New York Times January 24, 2007, accessed January 24, 2007.
    26. ^ David Weber, Carter: Book Has Prompted Discussion," ABC News January 23, 2007, accessed January 24, 2007.
    27. ^ David Abel and James Vaznis, "Carter Wins Applause at Brandeis: Defends Stance on Palestinians; Critic Speaks Later," Boston Globe January 24, 2007, accessed January 25, 2007.
    28. ^ "Editorial: Carter Brings a Productive, Civil Debate," Daily News Tribune January 25, 2007, accessed January 25, 2007.
    29. ^ "Carter on His Book's Controversy," Today, NBC January 26, 2007, accessed January 26, 2007.
    30. ^ a b Larry Cohler-Esses, "Brandeis Donors Exact Revenge For Carter Visit: Major Givers Reportedly Withholding Funds from School, Sparking Fierce Free-Speech Debate on Massachusetts Campus," The Jewish Week, February 16, 2006, accessed March 23, 2007.
    31. ^ a b Farah Stockman, "Carter Film Maker Faults Brandeis," Boston Globe January 20, 2007, accessed January 20, 2007.
    32. ^ Chris Tilly, "Demme 'Comes in Peace'," The Time Out Movie Blog: This Week's Top Stories from the Movie World (TOMB), Time Out London December 5, 2006, accessed January 23, 2007.
    33. ^ Conversations at the Carter Center 2006-2007, accessed December 24, 2006. (Free admission, RSVP required.) (Updated; accessed January 11, 2007: "This event is sold out.")
    34. ^ Palestine Peace Not Apartheid, Carter Center, RealPlayer media file (Updated), accessed February 25, 2007.
    35. ^ a b c d e f Beth Schwartzapfel, "Hillel Director, Students Defend Tactics at Carter Speech", The Jewish Daily Forward, March 22, 2007, accessed March 22, 2007.
    36. ^ For the video of the event posted on server of George Washington University, see Jimmy Carter speech and Q&A, RealPlayer video clip, March 8, 2007, accessed March 22, 2007.
    37. ^ Barry Schweid (Associated Press), "Carter Defends Gaza Theory at GWU Speech", The Washington Post March 8, 2007, accessed March 22, 2007.

    [edit] References

    [edit] Book excerpts

    • "Contents": "Table of Contents" featured by Simon and Schuster (Canada).
      • Appendices [with added links to corresponding Wikipedia articles]
    1. U.N. Resolution 242, 1967
    2. U.N. Resolution 338, 1973
    3. Camp David Accords, 1978
    4. Framework for Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, 1978
    5. U.N. Resolution 465, 1980
    6. Arab Peace Proposal, 2002
    7. Israel's Response to the Roadmap, May 25, 2003

    [edit] Book summary

    [edit] Book reviews

    [edit] Related opinion-editorials and interviews by Jimmy Carter

    [edit] Public and other programs by Jimmy Carter pertaining to the book

    [edit] News accounts, editorials, and letters by others

    [edit] Further reading

    [edit] External links

    [edit] See also

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