P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

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mitogen-activated protein kinase 11
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK11 PRKM11
HUGO	6873
Entrez	5600
OMIM	602898
RefSeq	NM_002751
UniProt	Q15759
Other data
Locus	Chr. 22 [1]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 12
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK12 SAPK3
HUGO	6874
Entrez	6300
OMIM	602399
RefSeq	NM_002969
UniProt	P53778
Other data
Locus	Chr. 22 q13.3

mitogen-activated protein kinase 13
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK13 PRKM13
HUGO	6875
Entrez	5603
OMIM	602899
RefSeq	NM_002754
UniProt	O15264
Other data
Locus	Chr. 6 p21

mitogen-activated protein kinase 14
Identifiers
Symbol	MAPK14 CSPB1, CSBP1, CSBP2
HUGO	6876
Entrez	1432
OMIM	600289
RefSeq	NM_001315
UniProt	Q16539
Other data
Locus	Chr. 6 p21.3-21.2

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases which are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis.

p38 MAP Kinase (MAPK), also called RK or CSBP, is the mammalian orthologue of the yeast HOG kinase which participates in a signalling cascade controlling cellular responses to cytokines and stress. Four isoforms of p38 MAP kinase, p38α, -β, -gamma (also known as ERK6 or SAPK3) and -δ(also known as SAPK4) have been identified. Similar to the SAPK/JNK pathway, p38 MAP kinase is activated by a variety of cellular stresses including osmotic shock, inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), UV light and growth factors. MKK3 and SEK actovated p38 MAP kinase by phosphorylation at Thr180 and Tyr182, Activated p38 MAP kinase has been shown to phophorylate and activate MAPKAP kinase 2 and to phosphorylate the transcription factors ATF-2, Mac and MEF2.