Oueddei Kichidemi

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Oueddei Kichidemi was the father of the former Chadian President Goukouni Oueddei and was the tribal leader, or derde, of the Toubou Teda of the Tibesti during the Chadian Civil War.

The derde exercises judicial rather than executive power, arbitrating conflict and levying sanctions based on a code of compensations.^[1] During the period of French rule in Chad, his authority had been respected; but when Chad became independent in 1960 and last French forces left the Tibesti in 1965, the Teda found themselves under the control of Chadian authorities that looked down on the Toubou as backward.

Provocations and abuses by the new authorities grew so unbearable that at the end of 1966 Kichidemi went in exile with a thousand of followers to the oasis of Kufra, in Libya, after that the President François Tombalbaye had stripped him of his judicial powers and refused to appoint his son Goukouni secretary of the Bardai tribunal. Tombalbaye had also offended the derde by supporting a rival, Chaimi Sougoumi, for a seat from Tibesti in the National Assembly.^[2] What followed was an uprising of the Toubou, in which four of Kichidemi's five sons were killed, in what is considered the starting of the civil war in the north.^[3]

In exile Kichidemi became, with the support of Toubou students at the Islamic University of Al Bayda, a symbol of opposition to the Tombalbaye Regime. This role enhanced the position of the derde among the Toubou. After 1967 the derde hoped to rally the Toubou to the insurgent group FROLINAT. Moral authority became military authority shortly thereafter when his only surviving son, Goukouni, became in 1969 leader of the Second Liberation Army of FROLINAT.^[4]

On April 13, 1975 Tombalbaye was killed in a coup. The new government attempted to reach out to the rebels, and among those who awnsered was Kichidemi, that in August returned from his Libyan exile; but his son, Goukouni, refused to respond to his entreaties or those of the government and remained in opposition.^[5] Kichidemi died a few years after, in December 1977.^[6]

[edit] Notes

1. ^ A Country Study: Chad. Library of Congress Country Studies (1990).
2. ^ Azevedo, Mario J. (1998). Roots of Violence: A History of War in Chad. Routledge, pp. 92–93. ISBN 90-5699-582-0. 
3. ^ Wright, John (1989). Libya, Chad and the Central Sahara. C. Hurst & Co., p. 127. ISBN 1-85065-050-0. 
4. ^ A Country Study: Chad
5. ^ Ibid.
6. ^ (2006). "Tchad: vers le retour de la guerre?" (PDF). Rapport Afrique N. 111. International Crisis Group.