Open Relay Behavior-modification System
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Open Relay Behavior-modification System (ORBS) was one of the first DNS-based Blackhole List (DNSBL), a means by which a internet domain may publish a list of IP addresses, in a database which can be easily queried automatically by other computer programs on the Internet.
The ORBS list was used to blacklist IP addresses that were open mail relays, unsuspecting third-party mail servers through which spammers can relay their messages and thus attempt to obfuscate the source of the spam.[1].
ORBS was controversial because at the time many people felt running an open relay was acceptable, and that the way ORBs scanned the Internet for open mail servers could be abusive. ORBS used probes to test for open relays without permission, sometimes over and over again. Some claimed that testing of their networks continued even after they asked ORBs to stop. Those that blocked testing or engaged in legal action against ORBs were blacklisted, whether they had open relays or not. [1] In some cases the tests interferred with mail servers, causing delays. Another complaint was that open relays that had never sent spam were listed without notice. Claims of false listings, true or not, were also a problem[2].
A website was created in 2001 by Brad Baker called stoporbs.org, to offer assistance to other mail administrators who had been listed on the ORBS blacklist for reasons other than open relays.
ORBS was created and run by Alan Brown in New Zealand. It was shut down in 2001 due to Brown's health and money issues and two lawsuits brought by companies listed on ORBS, Xtra and Actrix, which he had refused to remove [3]. The companies were blacklisted by ORBs because they blocked its probes [1]. Brown was forced to sell his Internet service provider, Manawatu Internet Services, to cover expenses. In the end, he agreed that the companies had been listed inappropriately [3].
Brown also had a defamation lawsuit brought against him, O'Brien v Brown. The court ruled that Brown made defamatory comments about Patrick O'Brien, CEO of Domainz, which is the .nz domain registrar. The comments were made in the Domainz discussion group. When Brown was offered a chance to apologize, he made additional defamatory comments. Following O'Brien's victory and the awarding of $42,000 to him, Brown claimed that his net worth was only $500, which he said is why he did not have a lawyer [4]
