One Nation Conservatism
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- For other uses of the term One Nation, see One Nation (disambiguation)
One Nation, One Nation Conservatism, or Tory Democracy is a term used in political debate in the United Kingdom to refer to the left wing of the Conservative Party. The term denotes a political stance aspiring towards unity of the citizenry in the nation, as well as harmony between divergent classes and interest groups, as opposed to the societal polarization seen in the likes of both militant socialism and Thatcherism.
The term derives indirectly from one of Benjamin Disraeli's political novels, Sybil, or the Two Nations, in which he described Britain as "Two nations between whom there is no intercourse and no sympathy; who are as ignorant of each other's habits, thoughts, and feelings, as if they were dwellers in different zones, or inhabitants of different planets: the rich and the poor." Lord Randolph Churchill would also use the term "Tory Democracy" in this Disraelian sense in the late-Victorian era.
Harold Macmillan, British prime minister from 1957 to 1963, and his rival Rab Butler, were leading figures of One Nation Conservatism in the 1950s and 1960s.
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[edit] One Nation Conservatives and Margaret Thatcher
One Nation Conservatism fell into disfavour in the mid 1970s. The rising generation of Conservative politicians, represented by such figures as Margaret Thatcher, Keith Joseph, and John Nott, felt that the old model of One-Nation Tory paternalism, as practised by Harold Macmillan and Ted Heath, had, by 1979, failed. Its political failure had been evident in the Conservative's losing four out of the past five general elections, and its socio-economic failure was manifest in the relatively high levels of unemployment and inflation of the UK of the 1970s.
The new breed (referred to as the "drys", as opposed to the One Nation "wets") believed that One Nation Conservatism had been mistaken in not challenging the post-World War II welfare-state consensus, and that a radical new approach to governing was necessary if the United Kingdom was to ever break out of the pattern of decline that had come to a head in the 1979 Winter of Discontent. However, whilst inflation came under control during the Thatcher years, unemployment spiralled out of control.
Unsurprisingly, One Nation Conservatives (e.g. Ted Heath) were often the most vocal critics of Thatcher's policies within the British Conservative Party.
[edit] Modern revival?
In his 2000 Macmillan Lecture, the Conservative front-bencher Damian Green MP asked "Who Needs One Nation Conservatism?". He answered: "My answer to the question posed tonight, 'Who needs One Nation Conservatism?' is first the Conservative Party, and secondly the British people. Elsewhere the Conservative Party's former leader William Hague said, 'The Conservative Party I feel at home in is the party of One Nation reflecting the whole nation'."[citation needed]
As this quotation illustrates, since their electoral defeat in 1997 some Conservatives have tried to reclaim the "One Nation" ideal for their party, but have until recently found their way blocked by Tony Blair's New Labour agenda. David Cameron, the Conservative Party leader since 2005, appears early on to be having more success than his recent predecessors in recapturing the support of the centre ground of the British electorate.
[edit] Canada
Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, was heavily influenced by the ideals of the One Nation movement. Gad Horowitz would trace the ideological development in Canada, and would coin the term Red Tory to describe it. Canandian philosopher George Grant stated that, "One cannot understand the Conservatism of Canada without thinking of Disraeli."
"One Nation" was also used in the Progressive Conservative Party in opposition to the proposed deux nations policy.
[edit] References: Canada section
- Grant, George, Globe and Mail, Saturday May 8, 1982, pg 15
[edit] External links
- For One Nation, then and now (Tory Reform Group website)
- Who needs One Nation Conservatism? Macmillan Lecture by Damian Green MP
