Olm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Olms in Postojnska Jama, Slovenia
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768 |
The Olm or Proteus, Proteus anguinus, is an amphibian animal, endemic to karst areas of the Dinaric Alps. It is also called human fish, cave salamander and white salamander.
The animal is white or slightly pink and has small extremities with two toes on the hind leg and three toes on the foreleg. Due to its fair complexion, it is locally referred to as "human fishlet" or "humanoid fish". External gills are also present in adult forms. It is usually 25–30 centimetres long. Due to its subterranean life, the Olm's eyes have degenerated and are covered by skin.
The Olm lives in subterranean waters of the karst areas of the Dinaric Alps along the Adriatic coast of northeastern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina to Montenegro. The subspecies Proteus anguinus parkelj (Black Olm) is only found in Bela krajina of southern Slovenia. The first historical mention of the olm is probably that by the Slovene polymath Janez Vajkard Valvasor. In his 1698 tome, The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola - he recounts the Postojna locals' accounts of baby dragons being flushed out of caves during floods.
Olms feed on small crustaceans and worms which the Olms locate with their olfactory sense. Because it lives in caves it is very difficult to study, so most information about its biology comes from captive specimens. Also, no one has seen its reproduction in the wild.
Olms can go for years without feeding as their extremely slow metabolisms allow them to remain dormant for extremely long periods of time. In one reported case, an olm was placed in a jar in a refrigerator for more than a decade. It was reportedly still alive when finally removed, though with severe damage to its internal organs, including the reabsorption of its own digestive tract for sustenance.[2]
It is a common myth that the Olm dies when it is placed in full daylight or in water temperatures higher than the 10°C of its natural habitat. In reality, an Olm could live in laboratories in normal light in water of up to 30°C. The Olm slowly changes its color to brown or black in light, and slowly changes back to a pale white once placed back into the dark.
The Olm's conservation status is now vulnerable, and it used to be a common species, but is now becoming rare because of water pollution in its restricted habitat and the taking of large numbers for the pet trade. Whether the current trade of these amphibians still continues is not known.
[edit] References
- ^ Arntzen et al (2004). Proteus anguinus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is vulnerable
- ^ Hodalic, Arne (September 1997). "Weird, or What?". DIVER Magazine. Reprinted here.
