Old World babbler
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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 White-naped Yuhina, Yuhina bakeri
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almost 50; see text |
The Old World babblers or timaliids are a large family of mostly Old World passerine birds. They are rather diverse in size and coloration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in southeast Asia. There is also a single New World species, the Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata. The timaliids are one of two unrelated groups of birds known as babblers, the other being the Australasian Babblers of the family Pomatostomidae (also known as pseudo-babblers).
These birds have strong legs, and many are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory, and most species have short rounded wings, and a weak flight.
The systematics of Old World babblers have long been contended. During much of the 20th century, the family was used as a "wastebin taxon" and contained numerous hard-to-place Old World passerines (such as Picathartidae) which have since been removed. More recently, it was determined that the "core" timaliids which had been left in this group are paraphyletic with regards to the Sylviidae (Old World warblers)[1]. In addition, many genus limits are currently being revised.
FAMILY TIMALIIDAE
"Laughingthrush and Song Babbler Clade"
- Genus Garrulax - laughingthrushes (c.50 species) Paraphyletic.
- Genus Liocichla - liocichlas (4 species)
- Grey-faced Liocichla, Liocichla omeiensis
- Steere's Liocichla, Liocichla steerii
- Red-faced Liocichla, Liocichla phoenicea
- Bugun Liocichla, Liocichla bugunorum
- Genus Turdoides
- Spiny Babbler, Turdoides nipalensis
- Iraq Babbler, Turdoides altirostris
- Common Babbler, Turdoides caudatus
- Striated Babbler, Turdoides earlei
- White-throated Babbler, Turdoides gularis
- Slender-billed Babbler, Turdoides longirostris
- Large Grey Babbler, Turdoides malcolmi
- Arabian Babbler, Turdoides squamiceps
- Fulvous Chatterer, Turdoides fulvus
- Scaly Chatterer, Turdoides aylmeri
- Rufous Chatterer, Turdoides rubiginosus
- Rufous Babbler, Turdoides subrufus
- Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striatus
- Orange-billed Babbler, Turdoides rufescens
- Yellow-billed Babbler, Turdoides affinis
- Blackcap Babbler, Turdoides reinwardtii
- Dusky Babbler, Turdoides tenebrosus
- Black-lored Babbler, Turdoides melanops
- Scaly Babbler, Turdoides squamulatus
- White-rumped Babbler, Turdoides leucopygius
- Southern Pied Babbler, Turdoides bicolor
- Northern Pied Babbler, Turdoides hypoleucus
- Hinde's Pied Babbler, Turdoides hindei
- Cretzschmar's Babbler, Turdoides leucocephalus
- Brown Babbler, Turdoides plebejus
- Arrow-marked Babbler, Turdoides jardineii
- Bare-cheeked Babbler, Turdoides gymnogenys
- Genus Babax - babaxes
- Chinese Babax, Babax lanceolatus
- Giant Babax, Babax waddelli
- Tibetan Babax, Babax koslowi
- Genus Leiothrix (2 species)
- Genus Cutia
- Cutia, Cutia nipalensis
- Genus Actinodura - barwings
- Rusty-fronted Barwing, Actinodura egertoni
- Spectacled Barwing, Actinodura ramsayi
- Black-crowned Barwing, Actinodura sodangorum
- Hoary-throated Barwing, Actinodura nipalensis
- Streak-throated Barwing, Actinodura waldeni
- Streaked Barwing, Actinodura souliei
- Taiwan Barwing, Actinodura morrisoniana
- Genus Minla - minlas Paraphyletic
- Blue-winged Minla, Minla cyanouroptera
- Chestnut-tailed Minla, Minla strigula
- Red-tailed Minla, Minla ignotincta
- Genus Crocias - crociass
- Grey-crowned Crocias, Crocias langbianis
- Spotted Crocias, Crocias albonotatus
- Genus Heterophasia - sibias
- Rufous-backed Sibia, Heterophasia annectens
- Rufous Sibia, Heterophasia capistrata
- Grey Sibia, Heterophasia gracilis
- Black-backed Sibia, Heterophasia melanoleuca
- Black-headed Sibia, Heterophasia desgodinsi
- White-eared Sibia, Heterophasia auricularis
- Beautiful Sibia, Heterophasia pulchella
- Long-tailed Sibia, Heterophasia picaoides
"Timaliine and Jungle Babbler clade"
- Genus Trichastoma
- White-chested Babbler, Trichastoma rostratum
- Sulawesi Babbler, Trichastoma celebense
- Ferruginous Babbler, Trichastoma bicolor
- Bagobo Babbler, Trichastoma woodi
- Genus Gampsorhynchus
- White-hooded Babbler, Gampsorhynchus rufulus
- Genus Malacocincla
- Abbott's Babbler, Malacocincla abbotti
- Horsfield's Babbler, Malacocincla sepiarium
- Vanderbilt's Babbler, Malacocincla sepiarium vanderbilti - extinct? (late 20th century?)
- Black-browed Babbler, Malacocincla perspicillata - extinct (20th century?)
- Short-tailed Babbler, Malacocincla malaccensis
- Ashy-headed Babbler, Malacocincla cinereiceps
- Genus Pellorneum
- Brown-capped Babbler, Pellorneum fuscocapillum
- Marsh Babbler, Pellorneum palustre
- Buff-breasted Babbler, Pellorneum tickelli
- Temminck's Babbler, Pellorneum pyrrogenys
- Spot-throated Babbler, Pellorneum albiventre
- Puff-throated Babbler, Pellorneum ruficeps
- Black-capped Babbler, Pellorneum capistratum
- Genus Malacopteron
- Palawan Babbler, Malacopteron palawanense
- Moustached Babbler, Malacopteron magnirostre
- Sooty-capped Babbler, Malacopteron affine
- Scaly-crowned Babbler, Malacopteron cinereum
- Rufous-crowned Babbler, Malacopteron magnum
- Grey-breasted Babbler, Malacopteron albogulare
- Genus Illadopsis - illadopsises
- Blackcap Illadopsis, Illadopsis cleaveri
- Scaly-breasted Illadopsis, Illadopsis albipectus
- Rufous-winged Illadopsis, Illadopsis rufescens
- Puvel's Illadopsis, Illadopsis puveli
- Pale-breasted Illadopsis, Illadopsis rufipennis
- Brown Illadopsis, Illadopsis fulvescens
- Mountain Illadopsis, Illadopsis pyrrhoptera
- Genus Pomatorhinus - scimitar-babblers (9 species)
- Genus Xiphirhynchus - Slender-billed Scimitar-babbler
- Genus Jabouilleia - scimitar-babblers (2 species)
- Genus Rimator
- Long-billed Wren-babbler, Rimator malacoptilus
- Genus Ptilocichla - wren-babblers
- Bornean Wren-babbler, Ptilocichla leucogrammica
- Striated Wren-babbler, Ptilocichla mindanensis
- Falcated Wren-babbler, Ptilocichla falcata
- Genus Kenopia
- Striped Wren-babbler, Kenopia striata
- Genus Napothera - wren-babblers
- Large Wren-babbler, Napothera macrodactyla
- Javan Large Wren-babbler, Napothera macrodactyla lepidopleura - possibly extinct (mid-20th century?)
- Rusty-breasted Wren-babbler, Napothera rufipectus
- Black-throated Wren-babbler, Napothera atrigularis
- Marbled Wren-babbler, Napothera marmorata
- Limestone Wren-babbler, Napothera crispifrons
- Streaked Wren-babbler, Napothera brevicaudata
- Mountain Wren-babbler, Napothera crassa
- Luzon Wren-babbler, Napothera rabori
- Eyebrowed Wren-babbler, Napothera epilepidota
- Large Wren-babbler, Napothera macrodactyla
- Genus Pnoepyga - wren-babblers
- Scaly-breasted Wren-babbler, Pnoepyga albiventer
- Immaculate Wren-babbler, Pnoepyga immaculata
- Pygmy Wren-babbler, Pnoepyga pusilla
- Genus Spelaeornis - wren-babblers
- Rufous-throated Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis caudatus
- Mishmi Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis badeigularis
- Bar-winged Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis troglodytoides
- Spotted Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis formosus
- Long-tailed Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis chocolatinus
- Tawny-breasted Wren-babbler, Spelaeornis longicaudatus
- Wedge-billed Wren-babbler, Sphenocichla humei
- Genus Stachyris
- Deignan's Babbler, Stachyris rodolphei
- Buff-chested Babbler, Stachyris ambigua
- Rufous-fronted Babbler, Stachyris rufifrons
- Rufous-capped Babbler, Stachyris ruficeps
- Black-chinned Babbler, Stachyris pyrrhops
- Golden Babbler, Stachyris chrysaea
- Pygmy Babbler, Stachyris plateni
- Golden-crowned Babbler, Stachyris dennistouni
- Black-crowned Babbler, Stachyris nigrocapitata
- Rusty-crowned Babbler, Stachyris capitalis
- Flame-templed Babbler, Stachyris speciosa
- Chestnut-faced Babbler, Stachyris whiteheadi
- Luzon Striped Babbler, Stachyris striata
- Panay Striped Babbler, Stachyris latistriata
- Negros Striped Babbler, Stachyris nigrorum
- Palawan Striped Babbler, Stachyris hypogrammica
- White-breasted Babbler, Stachyris grammiceps
- Sooty Babbler, Stachyris herberti
- Grey-throated Babbler, Stachyris nigriceps
- Grey-headed Babbler, Stachyris poliocephala
- Snowy-throated Babbler, Stachyris oglei
- Spot-necked Babbler, Stachyris striolata
- White-necked Babbler, Stachyris leucotis
- Black-throated Babbler, Stachyris nigricollis
- White-bibbed Babbler, Stachyris thoracica
- Chestnut-rumped Babbler, Stachyris maculata
- Chestnut-winged Babbler, Stachyris erythroptera
- Crescent-chested Babbler, Stachyris melanothorax
- Genus Dumetia - Tawny-bellied Babbler
- Genus Rhopocichla - Dark-fronted Babbler
- Genus Macronous - tit-babblers
- Striped Tit-babbler, Macronous gularis
- Grey-cheeked Tit-babbler, Macronous flavicollis
- Grey-faced Tit-babbler, Macronous kelleyi
- Brown Tit-babbler, Macronous striaticeps
- Fluffy-backed Tit-babbler, Macronous ptilosus
- Miniature Tit-babbler, Micromacronus leytensis
- Genus Timalia
- Chestnut-capped Babbler, Timalia pileata
- Genus Alcippe - fulvettas Polyphyletic with some members belonging to the Sylviine clade.
- Golden-breasted Fulvetta, Alcippe chrysotis
- Gold-fronted Fulvetta, Alcippe variegaticeps
- Yellow-throated Fulvetta, Alcippe cinerea
- Rufous-winged Fulvetta, Alcippe castaneceps
- White-browed Fulvetta, Alcippe vinipectus
- Chinese Fulvetta, Alcippe striaticollis
- Spectacled Fulvetta, Alcippe ruficapilla
- Streak-throated Fulvetta, Alcippe cinereiceps
- Ludlow's Fulvetta, Alcippe ludlowi
- Rufous-throated Fulvetta, Alcippe rufogularis
- Dusky Fulvetta, Alcippe brunnea
- Rusty-capped Fulvetta, Alcippe dubia
- Brown Fulvetta, Alcippe brunneicauda
- Brown-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe poioicephala
- Grey-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe morrisonia
- Javan Fulvetta, Alcippe pyrrhoptera
- Mountain Fulvetta, Alcippe peracensis
- Nepal Fulvetta, Alcippe nipalensis
"Yuhina clade - apparently related to White-eyes (Zosteropidae) which may also belong in Timaliidae.
- Genus Yuhina - yuhinas
- Striated Yuhina, Yuhina castaniceps
- Chestnut-crested Yuhina, Yuhina everetti
- White-naped Yuhina, Yuhina bakeri
- Whiskered Yuhina, Yuhina flavicollis
- Burmese Yuhina, Yuhina humilis
- Stripe-throated Yuhina, Yuhina gularis
- White-collared Yuhina, Yuhina diademata
- Rufous-vented Yuhina, Yuhina occipitalis
- Taiwan Yuhina, Yuhina brunneiceps
- Black-chinned Yuhina, Yuhina nigrimenta
- White-bellied Yuhina, Yuhina zantholeuca
"Sylvia Warbler and Parrotbill clade" - see Old World Warblers and Parrotbills.
- Genus Chrysomma
- Yellow-eyed Babbler, Chrysomma sinense
- Jerdon's Babbler, Chrysomma altirostre
- Rufous-tailed Babbler, Chrysomma poecilotis
- Genus Pseudoalcippe - Closely related to Sylvia and Parisoma.
- African Hill Babbler, Pseudoalcippe abyssinica
"Genera with uncertain relationships"
- Genus Myzornis
- Fire-tailed Myzornis, Myzornis pyrrhoura
- Genus Lioptilus
- Bush Blackcap, Lioptilus nigricapillus
- Genus Kupeornis - mountain-babblers
- White-throated Mountain Babbler, Kupeornis gilberti
- Red-collared Mountain Babbler, Kupeornis rufocinctus
- Chapin's Mountain Babbler, Kupeornis chapini
- Genus Parophasma
- Abyssinian Catbird, Parophasma galinieri
- Genus Phyllanthus
- Capuchin Babbler, Phyllanthus atripennis
"Genera whose relationships lie outside the Timaliidae"
- Genus Erpornis
- White-bellied Yuhina, Erpornis (formerly Yuhina) zantholeuca - apparently related to Vireos![2]
- Genus Kakamega
- Grey-chested Illadopsis, Kakamega poliothorax
- Genus Ptyrticus
- Thrush Babbler, Ptyrticus turdinus
- Genus Modulatrix - apparently related to Sugarbirds Promerops.
- Spot-throat, Modulatrix stictigula
- Genus Arcanator - sometimes included in Modulatrix and also related to Sugarbirds.
- Dapple-throat, Arcanator orostruthus
- Genus Neomixis - jerys - apparently related to Cisticolidae warblers.[3]
- Common Jery, Neomixis tenella
- Green Jery, Neomixis viridis
- Stripe-throated Jery, Neomixis striatigula
- Genus Hartertula - part of endemic Malagasy clade. [4]
- Wedge-tailed Jery, Hartertula flavoviridis
- Genus Pteruthius - shrike-babblers - Corvoids apparently related to Vireos.[5]
- Black-headed Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius rufiventer
- White-browed Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius flaviscapis
- Green Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius xanthochlorus
- Black-eared Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius melanotis
- Chestnut-fronted Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius aenobarbus
- Genus Oxylabes - part of endemic Malagasy clade.
- White-throated Oxylabes, Oxylabes madagascariensis
- Genus Crossleyia - part of endemic Malagasy clade.
- Yellow-browed Oxylabes, Crossleyia xanthophrys
The Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata, is among the taxa now usually moved to the Sylviidae sensu stricto[citation needed].
The genus Mystacornis is now classified as a vanga.[6]
[edit] External links
- Babbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection
[edit] References
- ^ Cibois, A. 2003. Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae). The Auk 120 :1-20
- ^ Barker, F.K., A. Cibois, P.A. Schikler, J. Feinstein, and J. Cracraft. 2004. Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101(30): 11040-11045.
- ^ Nguembock B.; Fjeldsa J.; Tillier A.; Pasquet E. (2007): A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of an unique nest-building specialization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 272-286.
- ^ Cibois, A., B. Slikas, T. S. Schulenberg & E. Pasquet. 2001. An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Evolution 55: 1198-1206.
- ^ Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 28 February 2007, Sushma Reddy and Joel Cracraft.
- ^ Schulenberg, T.S. 2003. "The Radiations of Passerine Birds of Madagascar," pp. 1130-1134 in S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead (eds.) The Natural History of Madagascar.
