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The United States Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments limit the powers of the federal government, protecting the rights of the people by preventing Congress from abridging freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religious worship, the freedom to petition, and the right to keep and bear arms, preventing unreasonable search and seizure, cruel and unusual punishment, and self-incrimination, and guaranteeing due process of law and a speedy public trial with an impartial jury. In addition, the Bill of Rights states that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people," and reserves all powers not granted to the Federal government to the citizenry or States. The Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government, and remains a fundamental symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation. (more...) Recently featured: Battle of Cannae – Indian Standard Time – Music of the Lesser Antilles

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Did you know... From Wikipedia's newest articles:

...that poet and playwright Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska (pictured), known as the Polish Sappho, discussed topics such as abortion, extra-marital affairs, and incest? ...that the female Smith's blue butterfly has only seven days to feed, court, mate, and lay eggs? ...that John Freke was the first ophthalmic surgeon? ...that the Ryuho was the only major warship damaged in the Doolittle raid, and the last Japanese aircraft carrier to make a war-time voyage outside the Home Islands? ...that the Gouin Reservoir in Quebec, Canada is not one contiguous body of water, but the collective name for a series of lakes with highly irregular shapes? ...that cock throwing was a popular blood sport in England for centuries? Archive – Start a new article...

In the news

India's SRE 1 spacecraft successfully completes a twelve-day orbital test flight, making India one of the few nations to return a craft from orbit. The Serbian Radical Party, led by Vojislav Šešelj, wins a plurality of seats in Serbian elections but admits it will likely be unable to form a government. Comet McNaught (pictured), the brightest comet to appear in over forty years, becomes visible over the Southern Hemisphere. Ogün Samast, alleged assassin of Armenian-Turkish journalist Hrant Dink, is arrested in Samsun. Major winter storms kill at least 45 in Europe and 85 in North America. Wikinews – Recent deaths – More current events... On this day... January 24:

1438 - Pope Eugene IV was suspended by the Council of Basel. 1848 - James W. Marshall (pictured) discovered gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California, leading to the California Gold Rush. 1891 - Prime Minister John Ballance began his term with his Liberal Party, the first political party in power in New Zealand. 1924 - The city of Petrograd, founded by Peter the Great of Russia in 1703, was renamed Leningrad three days after the death of Vladimir Lenin. 1984 - The first Apple Macintosh went on sale, as advertised on television two days earlier during Super Bowl XVIII. Recent days: January 23 – January 22 – January 21

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The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) is a North American jay which can be found over a very large area of the eastern side of the continent. It is mainly a bird of mixed woodland, but also of parks and gardens in some towns and cities. Its food is sought both on the ground and in trees and includes virtually all known types of plant and animal sources.

Photo credit: Mdf Archive - More featured pictures...

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This page was last modified 01:21, 5 January 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers ble search and seizure, cruel and unusual punishment, and self-incrimination, and guaranteeing due process of law and a speedy public trial with an impartial jury. In addition, the Bill of Rights states that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people," and reserves all powers not granted to the Federal government to the citizenry or States. The Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government, and remains a fundamental symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation. (more...) Recently featured: Battle of Cannae – Indian Standard Time – Music of the Lesser Antilles

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In the news

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Today's featured picture

The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) is a North American jay which can be found over a very large area of the eastern side of the continent. It is mainly a bird of mixed woodland, but also of parks and gardens in some towns and cities. Its food is sought both on the ground and in trees and includes virtually all known types of plant and animal sources.

Photo credit: Mdf Archive - More featured pictures...

Wikipedia's sister projects Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other projects:

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Dictionary and thesaurus Wikinews Free-content news Wikiquote Collection of quotations

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Free textbooks and manuals Wikispecies Directory of species Wikisource Free-content library

Wikiversity

Free learning materials and activities Commons Shared media repository Meta-Wiki Wikimedia project coordination

Wikipedia languages This Wikipedia is written in English. Started in 2001, it currently contains 1,599,082 articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; the largest are listed below.

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George Washington was an early inventor of instant coffee, and worked to ensure a full supply to soldiers fighting at the front. Early on, his campaign was based in Brooklyn, but later he crossed into New Jersey toward a more profitable position. In the countryside, he demonstrated a love of wild creatures, and was often seen with a bird or a monkey on his shoulder. Washington's choice beverage was taken up by the soldiers for its psychoactive properties, even though it tasted terrible. Some thought his brewed powder could even remedy the chemical weapons then in use. But, despite this, Washington failed in his first bid for the Presidency, as papers were filed too late, and the nominator forgot to tell him about it. (more...)

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From Wikipedia's newest articles:

...that the cappuccio (pictured), a type of headgear worn by men and women in 15th century Florence, was typically made by tailors instead of hatmakers?
...that Desmarest's Hutia has the most complex stomach of any rodent?
...that Richard de Southchurch, Sheriff of Essex, planned to attack London with burning cocks?
...that Rush Limbaugh was appointed an ambassador to India?
...that the Tempest Prognosticator employs a jury of twelve leeches that use small hammers to ring a bell to indicate the approach of a storm?
...that Serge Voronoff's surgical technique of grafting monkey testicle tissue onto human males has some modern supporters?

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In the news

Australian Guantanamo Bay detainee David Hicks receives the first sentence from the Guantanamo military commission, and the first conviction in a U.S. war crimes trial since World War II.
Following a provincial general election that saw no party win more than 39% of the seats, the Liberal Party retains power in Quebec (flag pictured) as the province's first minority government in 129 years.
Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi is declared the winner of the Mauritanian presidential election.

Wikinews – Recent deaths – More current events...

On this day...

April 1: Palm Sunday in Christianity (2007); Independence Day in San Serriffe (1967); April Fools' Day; Assyrian New Year.

1318 - The Scottish re-took Berwick upon Tweed from the English.
1957 - Eight million viewers watched the television programme Panorama, prompting several of them to contact the BBC the following day and ask for instructions on how to grow spaghetti trees.
1970 - U.S. President Richard Nixon (pictured) signed a law putting "the Surgeon General" on cigarette packages.
1997 - Cartoonists of popularly syndicated comic strips swapped cartoons for the day.
2006 - The Serious Organised Crime Agency was created under the provisions of a serious 2005 Act of the United Kingdom Parliament.

Recent days: March 31 – March 30 – March 29

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A statue of Louis Agassiz, a Swiss-American geologist, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, on the campus of Stanford University. It is said that when the earthquake struck, "[the statue of] Agassiz stuck his head underground to find out what was going on in the earth below and with his finger pointing saying, 'Hark! Listen!'"

Photo credit: USGS
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Help desk — Ask questions about using Wikipedia.
Reference desk — Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.
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Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other projects:

Wiktionary Dictionary and thesaurus	Wikinews Free-content news	Wikiquote Collection of quotations
Wikibooks Free textbooks and manuals	Wikispecies Directory of species	Wikisource Free-content library
Wikiversity Free learning materials and activities	Commons Shared media repository	Meta-Wiki Wikimedia project coordination

Wikipedia languages

This Wikipedia is written in English. Started in 2001, it currently contains 1,715,299 articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; the largest are listed below.