Oisín
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Oisín (Old Irish, pronounced /ˈɔʃiːnʲ/, or roughly "uh-sheen"), son of Fionn mac Cumhail, is a poet and warrior of the fianna in the Fenian Cycle of Irish mythology. He is the narrator of much of the cycle.
His name means "little deer", and the story is told that his mother, Sadbh, was turned into a deer by a druid, Fer Doirich. When Fionn was hunting he caught her but did not kill her, and she returned to human form. Fionn gave up hunting and fighting to settle down with Sadbh, and she was soon pregnant, but Fer Doirich turned her back into a deer and she returned to the wild. Seven years later Fionn found her child, naked, on Ben Bulben.
Other stories have Oisín meet Fionn for the first time as an adult and contend over a roasting pig before they recognise each other.
In Oisín in Tir na nÓg his most famous echtra, or adventure tale, he is visited by a fairy woman called Niamh who announces she loves him and takes him away to Tir na nÓg ("the land of the young") (also referred to as Tir Tairngire, "the land of promise"). Their union produces Oisín's famous son, Oscar, and a daughter, Plor na mBan. After what seems to him to be three years Oisín decides to return to Ireland, but 300 years have passed there. Niamh gives him her white horse, Embarr, and warns him not to dismount, because if his feet touch the ground those 300 years will catch up with him and he will become old and withered. Oisín returns home and finds the hill of Almu, Fionn's home, abandoned and in disrepair. Later, while trying to help some men lift a stone onto a wagon, his girth break and he falls to the ground, and he becomes an old man just as Niamh had predicted. The horse returns to Tir na nÓg.
In the tale Acallam na Senórach (Tales of the Elders), Oisín and his comrade Caílte mac Rónáin survived to the time of Saint Patrick and told the saint the stories of the fianna. This is the source of William Butler Yeats's poem The Wanderings of Oisin.
Ossian, the narrator and purported author of a series of poems published by James Macpherson in the 1760s, is based on Oisín. Macpherson claimed to have translated his poems from ancient sources in the Scottish Gaelic language. These poems had widespread influence on many writers including Goethe and the young Walter Scott, although their authenticity was widely disputed. Modern scholars have demonstrated that Macpherson based his poems on authentic Gaelic ballads, but had adapted them to contemporary sensibilities by altering the original characters and ideas and introduced a great deal of his own (see Derick Thomson's The Gaelic Sources of Macpherson's "Ossian", 1952).
[edit] Use in genetics
Bryan Sykes in his book Blood of the Isles gives the populations associated with Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) the name of Oisín for a clan patriarch, much as he did for mitochondrial haplogroups in his work The Seven Daughters of Eve.
