From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining in the year on this date.
[edit] Events
- 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
- 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
- 1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
- 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
- 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole are incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
- 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
- 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
- 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
- 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
- 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
- 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
- 1822 - In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
- 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
- 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
- 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
- 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
- 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
- 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
- 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
- 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
- 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
- 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
- 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
- 1952 - John Bamford, aged 15, rescues victims of a house fire and becomes the youngest person to have been awarded the George Cross.
- 1953 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.
- 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
- 1960 - The United States government decides to place an embargo on Communist Cuba.
- 1964 - Simon and Garfunkel release their first album commonly known as Wednesday Morning 3 A.M.
- 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
- 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
- 1974 - Niue becomes independent from New Zealand
- 1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
- 1976 - Chimpanzee placed in list of endangered species.
- 1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine (later acquitted).
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
- 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
- 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
- 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
- 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
- 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
- 1991 - 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake in Northern Italy - 2000 dead
- 1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.
- 1994 - a suicide bomber exploded on the Line 5 bus killing himself and 25 civilians in Tel Aviv.
- 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
- 2001 - SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
- 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
- 2003 - David Blaine finally ended his 44-day endurance stunt of being sealed inside a transparent case suspended 30 feet in the air over Potters Fields Park, located in London.
- 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
- 2004 - Alain Robert dons a Spider-Man costume and climbs a building.
- 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
- 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
- 2005 - The last Major League Baseball game is played at Busch Memorial Stadium.
- 2006 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 12,000 mark for the first time.
[edit] Births
- 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
- 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
- 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
- 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich (d. 1591)
- 1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
- 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
- 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
- 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
- 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
- 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
- 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
- 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
- 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
- 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
- 1837 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
- 1851 - Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
- 1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
- 1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
- 1873 - John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
- 1876 - Mordecai Brown, baseball player (d. 1945)
- 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
- 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
- 1896 - Bob O'Farrell, baseball player (d. 1988)
- 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
- 1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
- 1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
- 1901 - Arleigh Burke, Naval commander (d. 1996)
- 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
- 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
- 1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
- 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- 1910 - Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
- 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
- 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
- 1920 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
- 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
- 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
- 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
- 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
- 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1937 - Peter Max, American artist
- 1937 - Marilyn Bell, Canadian long distance swimmer
- 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
- 1941 - Simon Ward, British actor
- 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
- 1943 - Robin Holloway, British composer
- 1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987)
- 1944 - George McCrae, American soul singer
- 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
- 1945 - Patricia Ireland, President of the NOW
- 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
- 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
- 1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer
- 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
- 1948 - Pat Simmons, American musician (The Doobie Brothers)
- 1949 - Jamie McGrigor, British politician
- 1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
- 1954 - Sam Allardyce, English football manager
- 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
- 1956 - Sunny Deol, Indian actor
- 1957 - Ray Richmond, entertainment/media columnist
- 1958 - Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
- 1960 - Jonathan FeBland, English musician, writer and artist
- 1962 - Tracy Chevalier, American author
- 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
- 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
- 1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
- 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
- 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
- 1970 - Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
- 1972 - Pras, American musician
- 1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
- 1973 - Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player
- 1976 - Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 - Desmond Harrington, American actor
- 1977 - Louis-José Houde, Québec stand-up comic
- 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian Formula One driver
- 1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
- 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
- 1981 - Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish Formula One driver
- 1990 - Janet Leon, Swedish singer (Play)
[edit] Deaths
- 727 - Saint Frideswide
- 1187 - Pope Urban III
- 1216 - King John
- 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
- 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
- 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
- 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
- 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
- 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
- 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
- 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
- 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
- 1842 - Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
- 1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
- 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
- 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
- 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
- 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
- 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
- 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
- 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
- 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
- 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
- 1960 - George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
- 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
- 1985 - Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
- 1986 - Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
- 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
- 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
- 1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
- 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
- 1992 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b. 1920)
- 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
- 1995 - Don Cherry, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1936)
- 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
- 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
- 1999 - James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
- 2003 - Faith Fancher, American television journalist and activist (b. 1950)
- 2003 - Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
- 2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
- 2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson, Canadian computer scientist (b. 1920)
- 2005 - Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
