Oceanos
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- For the Greek word for the river believed to be encircling the earth by ancient Greeks, see Oceanus
| Oceanos | |
| Launched: | 12 July 1952 |
| Status: | Sunk |
| Tonnage: | 14,000 gross tons |
| Length: | 152.4/500 ft |
| Breath: | 20 m/65 ft |
| Draft: | 6,70 m/22 ft |
| Speed: | Max:18.5 Cruise:16 knots |
| Decks: | |
| Complement: | 550 passengers, 250 crew |
| Registry: | Greece |
MTS Oceanos was a French built and Greek owned cruise ship which sunk off the South Africa's eastern coast in August, 1991. Launched July, 1952 by Forges Chantiers de la Gironde in Bordeaux as the Jean Laborde, it was the last of 4 sister ships built for Messageries Maritimes. The ships were used on the Marseilles - Madagascar - Mauritius service. The Jean Laborde underwent several name changes including Mykinai, Ancona, Eastern Princess, and finally, in 1976, it was registered in Piraeus, Greece, under the name of Oceanos.
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[edit] Service under Epirotiki Lines
Originally built as a passenger/cargo vessel, the Oceanos underwent massive reconstruction by the time she came to operate as a cruise liner for Epirotiki Lines. The success of the 1988 cruise season in South Africa was motivation for her return in 1991 on an eight-month charter for TFC Tours of Johannesburg.
[edit] Final voyage
En route to Durban, the Oceanos set out from the port of East London on Saturday, August 3, 1991, into 40-knot winds and nine-metre swells.
[edit] State of the vessel
It has been reported that the ship was in a state of neglected maintenance with loose hull plates and an unfitted ventilation pipe. It had also had several sewage-holding tank non-return valves stripped for repairs, following problems with bilge water rising through showers and toilets on a recent trip to Mozambique. The unfitted ventilation pipe was said to have left a 10 cm hole in the watertight bulkhead between the generator and the sewage tank.
[edit] Departure of the crew
Reports indicate that at around 9:30 p.m. off the Wild Coast of the Transkei, the Oceanos lost her power following in the engine room's sea chest, a scoop-like device which brings in system cooling water. The ship's engineer reported to Captain Yiannis Avranas that water was entering the hull and flooding the generator room. The generators were shut down because the rising water would have shorted them. The supply of power to auxiliary equipment which run the engines had been severed, and the ship was left floating adrift.
The water steadily rose, flowed through the 4 inch hole in the bulkhead and into the waste disposal tank. Without valves to close on the holding tank, the water coursed through the main drainage pipes and rose like a tide within the ship, spilling out of every shower, toilet, and waste disposal unit connected to the system. There was no stopping the flooding and no hope for the Oceanos.
Realizing the fate of the ship, the crew fled in panic, neglecting to close the lower deck portholes, which is standard policy during emergency procedures. Passengers remained ignorant of the events taking place until they themselves witnessed the first signs of flooding in the lower decks. At this stage, eyewitness accounts reveal that many of the crew, including Captain Avranas, were already packed and ready to depart, seemingly unconcerned with the safety of the passengers.
[edit] Rescue efforts
Nearby vessels responded to the ship's SOS and were the first to provide assistance. The South African Navy along with the South African Air Force launched a massive seven-hour mission in which 16 helicopters were used to airlift the remainder of the passengers and crew to the nearby settlements of The Haven and Hole in the Wall, about 6 miles south of Coffee Bay. All 571 people onboard were saved, following one of the world’s most dramatic and successful rescue operations of its kind. Entertainer Moss Hills recorded his efforts to assist the passengers with a home video recorder. He and his wife were some of the last to be rescued from the ship just before it sank.
[edit] Final moments
At about 3:30 p.m. the following day, the Oceanos could hold her head up no longer and sank. Her bow hit the sand 300 feet below the surface, whilst more than 195 feet of her stern remained aloft; minutes later she was gone. She came to rest on her starboard side almost perpendicular to the coastline, with her bow facing seaward.
[edit] Aftermath
The captain Yiannis Avranas was accused by the passengers of leaving hundreds behind with no one other than the ship's onboard entertainers to help them evacuate. Avranas claimed that he left the ship first in order to arrange for a rescue effort, and then supervised the rescue effort from a helicopter. Avranas was quoted in the New York Times as saying, "When I give the order abandon ship, it doesn't matter what time I leave. If some people want to stay, they can stay."
Although perhaps only a coincidence, Epirotiki Lines had within the three years preceding the sinking, lost two other ships[1], the company's flagship Pegasus only two months before, and the Jupiter, three years before. The Oceanos had the highest possible safety rating at Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
