Nuclear power in Russia
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In 2005, a nuclear energy supply in Russia counted 137 billion kWh, which is 16% of total output. The total installed capacity of nuclear reactors is 21,244MW.
The Russian energy strategy of 2003 sets policy priority to reduce the use of natural gas for electricity and to double the nuclear output by 2020. In 2006 the Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) announced a target of nuclear providing 23% of electricity by 2020 and 25% by 2030.[1]
Russia has made plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from thirty one to fifty nine, financed with the help of loans from the European Union. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded, including RBMK units similar to the reactor in Chernobyl. China and Russia have agreed on a cooperation in the construction of nuclear stations in October 2005.
According to the government order from 2001, all Russian civil reactors are operated by Rosenergoatom. On 19 January 2007 Russian Parliament adopted the law "On the peculiarities of the management and disposition of the property and shares of organizations using nuclear energy and on relevant changes to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation", which will create Atomprom - a holding company for all Russian civil nuclear industry, including Rosenergoatom, the nuclear fuel producer and supplier TVEL, the uranium trader Tekhsnabexport (Tenex) and the nuclear facilities constructor Atomstroyexport.
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[edit] Nuclear power reactors
[edit] Nuclear power reactors in operation
| Reactor | Type V=PWR | MWe net, each | Commercial operation since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balakovo 1-4 | V-320 | 950 | May 1986 - December 1993 |
| Beloyarsk 3 | BN600 FBR | 560 | November 1981 |
| Bilibino 1-4 | LWGR | 11 | April 1974 – January 1977 |
| Kalinin 1-2 | V-338 | 950 | June 1985, March 1987 |
| Kalinin 3 | V-320 | 950 | December 2004 |
| Kola 1-2 | V-230 | 411 | December 1973, February 1975 |
| Kola 3-4 | V-213 | 411 | December 1982, December 1984 |
| Kursk 1-4 | RBMK | 925 | October 1977 - February 1986 |
| Leningrad 1-4 | RBMK | 925 | November 1974 - August 1981 |
| Novovoronezh 3-4 | V-179 | 385 | June 1972, March 1973 |
| Novovoronezh 5 | V-187 | 950 | February 1981 |
| Smolensk 1-3 | RBMK | 925 | September 1983 – January 1990 |
| Volgodonsk 1 | V-320 | 950 | March 2001 |
| Total: 31 | 21,743 MWe |
[edit] Nuclear power reactors under construction
| Reactor | Type V=PWR | MWe net, each | Will be commercially operational |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volgodonsk-2 | V-320 | 950 | 2009 |
| Kalinin 4 | V-320 | 950 | 2011 |
| Beloyarsk-4 | FBR (BN-800) | 750 | 2012 |
| Total: 3 | 2650 MWe |
[edit] Proposed new reactors
| Reactor | Type V=PWR | MWe net, each | Start-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| Replacement capacity | |||
| Leningrad NPP-2 1&2 | PWR | 1100/1200 | 2012, 2013 |
| Novovoronezh 6 | PWR | 950 | 2016 |
| Kursk NPP-2 1&2 | PWR | 1200 | 2016, 2019 |
| Balokovo 5 & 6 | PWR | 950 | ? |
| New capacity | |||
| Kursk 6 | PWR 950? | ? | |
| Bashkira 1 | PWR | 950 | 2012 |
| North-west 1 | VK 300 | 2011 | |
| Smolensk 4 | PWR | 950 | 2012 |
| North-west 2 | VK | 300 | 2013 |
| Kola 2 | ? | 440-640 | 2013 |
| Bashkira 2 | PWR | 950 | 2014 |
| Volgodonsk 3 | PWR | 950 | 2015 |
| Volgodonsk 4 | PWR | 950 | 2017 |
| Tatar 1 | PWR | 950 | 2016 |
| Smolensk NPP-2 1&2 | PWR | 950 | 2017, 2019 |
| Tatar 2 | PWR | 950 | 2018 |
| South Ural 1, 2 | PWR | 950 | 2016, 2019 |
| Novovoronezh 7 | PWR | 950 | 2016 |
| Bashkir 3&4 | PWR | 1500 | 2018, 2020 |
| Leningrad NPP-2, 3-6 | PWR | 1500 | to 2021 |
| Tatar 3 | PWR | 1500 | 2020 |
| Beloyarsk 5 | BREST | 300 | 2020 |
