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Prionomyrmex macrops, sometimes called Dinosaur ants, and formerly known also under the name Nothomyrmecia macrops is the only extant species of the genus and are found in the cool regions of the mallee of southern South Australia and Western Australia. These "living fossils" have long been of special interest to entomologists since they offer a chance to observe and study "primitive" ant social organization. However, Prionomyrmex macrops are known to possess some behavioral habits of more advanced ant species. Two more fossil species of this genus are known from Baltic amber.
