Nożyk Synagogue

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Main façade

Side entrance

The Nożyk Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Nożyków) is the only surviving Jewish house of prayer in Warsaw, Poland. It was erected prior to 1902 and was rebuilt after the war. It is still operational and currently houses the Warsaw Jewish Commune, as well as other Jewish organizations.

Before the World War II the Jewish community of Warsaw, one of the largest Jewish communities in the world at that time, had over 400 houses of prayer at its disposal. However, at the end of 19th century only two of them were separate temples, while the rest were smaller chapels attached to schools, hospitals or private homes. The earliest Round Synagogue in the borough of Praga served the local community since 1839, while the Great Synagogue (erected in 1878) was built for the reformed community. Soon afterwards a need arose to build also a temple for the orthodox Jewry. Between 1898 and 1902 Zalman Nożyk, a renown Warsaw merchant, and his wife Ryfka financed such temple at Twarda street, next to the neighbourhood of Grzybów and Plac Grzybowski. The building was designed by Leandro Marconi, a renown architect of distant Italian descent. The façade is neo-romanticist, with notable neo-byzantine elements. The building itself is rectangular, with the internal chamber divided onto three aisles.

The synagogue was officially opened to the public on May 26, 1902. The following year the founders donated it to the Warsaw Jewish Commune, in exchange for yearly prayers in their intention. In 1923 the building was refurbished by Maurycy Grodzieński, who also designed a semi-circular choir that was attached to the eastern wall of the temple. In September of 1939 the synagogue was damaged in the effect of aerial bombardment. During the World War II the area was a part of the Small Ghetto and shared its fate during the Ghetto Uprising and then the liquidation of the Jewish community of Warsaw by the Nazis. After 1941 the Germans used the building as stables and a depot. After the war the demolished building was partially restored and returned to the Warsaw Jewish Commune, but the reconstruction did not start. It was completely rebuilt between 1977 and 1983 (officially opened April 18, 1983). It was also then that a new wing was added to the eastern wall, currently housing the seat of the commune, as well as several other Jewish organizations.