Nick Joaquin
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Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín (May 4, 1917–April 29, 2004) was a Filipino writer, historian and journalist, best known for his short stories and novels. He was also one of the National Artists of the Philippines for Literature.
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[edit] His life
Joaquín was born in Paco, Manila. He dropped out of high school and did odd-jobs on Manila's waterfront and elsewhere. He taught himself by reading widely at the National Library and the library of his father Leocadio Joaquín, who had been a lawyer and a colonel in the Philippine Revolution. This developed further his interest in writing. His mother was named Salome Marquez Joaquin. Joaquín was first published in the literary section of the Pre-World War II Tribune under writer and editor Serafín Lanot.
After winning a Dominican Order-sponsored nationwide essay competition for La Naval de Manila, the University of Santo Tomás awarded Joaquín an honorary Associate in Arts (A.A.) and a scholarship to St. Albert's College, the Dominican monastery in Hong Kong. However, he dropped out after only a year. Upon his return to the Philippines, he joined the Philippines Free Press, starting as a proofreader. Soon this two-time dropout was being noticed for his poems, stories and plays, as well as his journalism under the pen name Quijano de Manila. His journalism was markedly both intellectual and provocative, an unknown genre in the Philippines at that time, raising the level of reportage in the country.
Joaquín deeply admired José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. Joaquín paid tribute to Rizal by way of books such as The Storyteller's New Medium - Rizal in Saga, The Complete Poems and Plays of Jose Rizal and A Question of Heroes: Essays in Criticism on Ten Key Figures of Philippine History. He also translated the hero's valedictory poem, "Land That I Love, Farewell!"
Joaquín also served as a member of the Philippine Board of Censors for Motion Pictures under President Diosdado Macapagal and President Ferdinand E. Marcos. According to writer Marra PL. Lanot, Joaquín was untouched by Marcos' iron fist. Joaqun's first move as National Artist was to secure the release of imprisoned writer José F. Lacaba. Later, at a ceremony on Mount Makiling attended by First Lady Imelda Marcos, Joaquín delivered an invocation to Mariang Makiling, the mountain's mythical maiden. Joaquín touched on the importance of freedom and the artist. As a result, Joaquín no longer received invitation to address important cultural events for the rest of the Marcos regime.
Joaquín died of cardiac arrest in the early morning of April 29, 2004. He died in his home in San Juan, Metro Manila. At the time of his death, Nick Joaquín was editor of Philippine Graphic magazine and publisher of its sister publication, Mirror Weekly, a women’s magazine. He also wrote columns (“Small Beer”) for the Philippine Daily Inquirer and Isyu, an opinion tabloid.
[edit] Critical assessment
His fellow National Artists frequently rave about him and his works. National Artist Bienvenido Lumbera thinks that “Nick Joaquín’s significance in Philippine literature is his exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain as well as his handling of language. Then, of course, there is his probing into the psychology of social changes as seen by the young, in such short stories as ‘Doña Jeronima,’ ‘Candido’s Apocalypse,’ and ‘The Order of Melchizedek.’” National Artist Jose Garcia Villa argues: “Nick Joaquín is, in my opinion, the only Filipino writer with a real imagination—that imagination of power and depth and great metaphysical seeing—and which knows how to express itself in great language, who writes poetry, and who reveals behind his writings a genuine first-rate mind.” For National Artist Francisco Arcellana: “Nick Joaquín is the most distinguished Filipino writer in English. He has written plays, novels, poems, short stories, and essays, not to mention reportage and journalism. The predictable thing is that, whether he’s writing literature or journalism, it’s always of the highest skill and quality.” For National Artist F. Sionil Jose, Nick Joaquín is the "greatest Filipino writing in English."
Critic Lito Zulueta sums up appropriately Joaquín's literary productions as "militant artistry" with a "cultural mission to limn and mold the true portrait of the Filipino soul."
[edit] Works
- Prose and Poems (1952)
- The Woman Who had Two Navels (1961)
- La Naval de Manila and Other Essays (1964)
- A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino(1966)
- Tropical Gothic (1972)
- A Question of Heroes (1977)
- Nora Aunor & Other Profiles (1977)
- Ronnie Poe & Other Silhouettes (1977)
- Reportage on Lovers (1977)
- Reportage on Crime (1977)
- Amalia Fuentes & Other Etchings (1977)
- Gloria Diaz & Other Delineations (1977)
- Doveglion & Other Cameos (1977)
- Language of the Streets and Other Essays (1977)
- Manila: Sin City and Other Chronicles (1977)
- Tropical Baroque (1979),
- Stories for Groovy Kids (1979)
- Language of the Street and Other Essays (1980)
- The Ballad of the Five Battles (1981)
- The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on History as Three Generations (1983)
- Almanac for Manileños
- Cave and Shadows (1983)
- The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse (1986)
- Collected Verse (1987)
- Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming (1988)
- Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990),
- The D.M. Guevara Story (1993),
- Mr. F.E.U., the Culture Hero That Was Nicanor Reyes (1995).
- Rizal in Saga (1996)
[edit] Awards
- José García Villa's Honor Roll (1940)
- Philippines Free Press Short Story Contest (1949)
- Ten Most Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines (TOYM), Awardee for Literature (1955)
- Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Literary Awards (1957–1958; 1965; 1976)
- Harper Publishing Company (New York, U.S.A.) writing fellowship
- Stonehill Award for the Novel (1960)
- Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1961)
- Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1961)
- Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award from the City of Manila (1964)
- National Artist Award (1976).
- S.E.A. Write Award (1980)
- Ramon Magsaysay Award for Literature (1996)
- Tanglaw ng Lahi Award from the Ateneo de Manila University (1997)
- Several ESSO Journalism awards, including the highly-covetedJournalist of the Year Award.
- Several National Book Awards from the Manila Critics' Circle for The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay in History as Three Generations; The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse; Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming; The World of Damian Domingo: 19th Century Manila (co-authored with Luciano P.R. Santiago); and Jaime Ongpin: The Enigma: The Profile of a Filipino as Manager.
