NFAT
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Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a general name applied to a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response. One or more members of the NFAT family is expressed in most cells of the immune system.
The activity of NFAT is tightly regulated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin on the level of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport.
Normally, NFAT is prevented from entering the nucleus by CRM1-mediated export. Upon stimulation of the T-cell receptor, the intracellular calcium concentration raises, which activates calcineurin. NFAT is dephosphorylated and the nuclear export signal (NES) is masked. Subsequently, NFAT is imported into the nucleus and activates gene transcription of cytokine genes.
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