Neys Provincial Park
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Neys Provincial Park |
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| Designation | Natural Environment |
| Location | Ontario |
| Nearest city | Marathon, Ontario |
| Area | 5, 383ha |
| Date of Establishment | 1965 |
| Governing Body | Ontario Parks |
| IUCN category | II (Provincial Park) |
| Park Facilities/Services | Trails/Hiking;
144 Campsites (Electrical/Non-Electircal;) Vault Privies and Full Service Washrooms; Showers and Laundry Facilities; Day Use Areas; Boat Launch and Fish Cleaning Station; 1.5 km Sandy Beach on Lake Superior; Interpretive Programming and Visitor Centre; Firewood and Park Merchandise Available at the Main Gate! |
Neys Provincial Park is a Natural Environment Class park within the Ontario Parks system. This 5384ha includes the historic Coldwell Peninnsula and the surrounding island system (added as part of Ontario Living Legacy in 2000-2001) consisting of: Pic Island, Detention Island, and the Sullivan Islands. The ghost village of Coldwell, which lies just outside the est boundary of the park, was home to an old railway and fishing community until the 1960s. All that remains of the village now are a few foundations, shipwrecks in the harbour and a cemetery. Within park boundaries is also the muse for Group of Seven member Lawren Harris, who in 1924 painted the now famous image of Pic Island. Only the hardy survive here, including sub-Arctic plants and a rare herd of woodland caribou. Enjoy one the finest beaches on Lake Superior’s north shore or view a model of a former German Prisoner of War Camp at the Neys Visitor Centre.
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[edit] Natural Features
[edit] Coldwell Alkalic Complex
Neys Provincial Park is home to one of the hardest and rarest mineral complexes in North America. The Coldwell Alkalic Complex began to form over 1 Billion Years ago when magma chambers formed beneath the surface causing surface swelling to occur. Evenutally this swelling turned into an active volcano. 600 million years ago, the volcano walls became so large and heavy, they caved in on the Volcano, acting as a plug. The magma then becomes trapped in the magma chamber where it settles and cools with other minerals causing the initial phases of the complex. 65 million years ago, glaciers began to recede, stripping away the top layers of the volcano. Today, the once hot magama chamber is exposed surface rock on the northern shore of Lake Superior. The park has an interpretive trail (Under The Volcano Trail) with detailed information plaques that explain the process with more detail.
[edit] The Inhospitable Shore of Lake Superior
Lake Superior has been the reason for part of the early cultural heritage of Northern Ontario. It is also the cause of one of the most interesting parts of the natural heritage of the region as well. 7, 500 years ago, the large Glaciers of the Laurentide Ice Sheet had finally melted away, filling in large bodies of water that covered 246, 050 km². These bodies of water are the Great Lakes. The extremely cold and rough waters of Lake Superior have caused its rocky shores to be home to Sub-Arctic Plant species. The following is a description of the region from the Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources:
The rocky shore vegetation is an association of lichens, mosses and herbs that can tolerate the severe growing conditions of this site. These plants are able to survive in a microclimate that is cooler, windier and moister than those of nearby areas which are not as strongly influenced by Lake Superior. Lichens cover the bare, wave-washed rocks while the herbs are restricted to cracks and crevices in the rocks where soil has been able to accumulate. Many of these plants such as the butterwort, the three toothed cinquefoil, crowberry and bird’s eye primrose
are not found elsewhere in the park and are part of a vegetation association known as an arctic disjunct community, that is, the discrete association isolated from its main geographical location.
Birds Eye Primrose, Sub Arctic plant of Neys Provincial ParkSource: NHIC (OMNR)
[edit] Forest Vegitation
Neys is within the Central Boreal Forest Region of Ontario. As such it is home to a predominantly coniferous forest, however some boreal deciduous species can be found near waterways and former beaver dams. The park is also home to a large plantation of Red Pine. Park Naturalists theorise that these trees were planted by the Boy Scouts of Canada in the early-mid 1960s. The age of the trees and the fact that Boy Scouts did in fact plants nothing but Red Pines all across Canada as their "Centennial Project" in the 1960s backs this theory up. The Red Pines are not natural to the park eco-system, however, as they are planted in an inhospitable sand dune mico-environment of the park. This dune environment was previously disturbed (flattened and built upon) with the construction of the Neys Prisoner of War Camp (Neys Camp 100, Camp W).
The forests of Neys are home to a wide variety of species of flora and fauna. Some of the most common plant species include the Bunchberry, Labrador Tea, blueberry, bearberry, larch, mountain maple, a wide variety of fungi. These plants are an attraction to such forest species as the Woodland Caribou, Moose, and the Black Bear.
[edit] Neys Camp 100
See this grow in 2007
[edit] Port Colwell: Ghost Town of the Coldwell Peninnsula
See This Grow in 2007
[edit] Logging and The Little Pic River
Ontario's forests have historically been used for logging purposes since the first White Pine loggers traversed the Ottawa Valley in the late 17th Century. The Neys Region has a more modern logging heritage that is melded with park and national history along with the formation of the town of Marathon, Ontario.
Along the western border of Neys Provincial Park, runs the narrow, and shallow sandy bottomed Little Pic River. The river side was at one point home to dozens of logging camps in the middle of the twentieth century. The timber operations in the region were run by an American company known as Marathon Pulp and Paper Mills INC., and a Canadian company of Fort William, the Pigeon Timber Company.
The logging process was quite simple. In the fall, a team of lumberjacks would arrive in the town of Coldwell via the Canadian Pacific Railway. They would then travel up the river to their respective logging camps where they would remain all winter until the spring. The loggers would work all day in woods cutting and felling trees. They would then stack them in cords and then have horses (mid 20th C saw tractors being used in some cases) drag the cords to the shores of the frozen Little Pic River. This process would go on all winter until the spring thaw. Once the rivers path was totally thawed, the loggers would begin the log drive. Using tools such as the peavey, the loggers would ride the logs down the river until they reached the mouth. At the mouth of the Little Pic River there were boom logs which were attached to chains. These chains were attached to rings that are still in the rocks edge at the Little Pic River picnic area. Once the boom rafts were filled with logs, the rafts would be closed and haued away by tug boats to the Slate Islands where steamers would be waiting to load and transport the logs to the states for processing.
With the loss of the diesel engine on the railway, the introduction of the Sea Lamprey into Lake Superior and the highly anticipated Trans Canada Highway's completion, Northern Ontario was dying. The federal government ordered that all timber which was removed from Canadian forests was to be processed in Canada. In an effort to save time and money, the Marathon Pulp and Paper company decided that it would open a mill and develop its own mill town along the Canadian Pacific Railway. The town was appropriately titled Marathon, by Canada Post. Eventually, the Little Pic River became obsolete as trucks could transport logs from anywhere to the mill with much more ease and less expense.
In the course of the years that the Little Pic River was vital to the Marathon Pulp and Paper company's operation, lumberjacks came in all shapes and sizes. The region saw loggers from southern Ontario, World War Two German prisoners of war, and former Japanese interns who were staying at Neys Camp 100 all working for the companies logging on the Little Pic River.
[edit] Park Services and Facilities
Neys offers an excellent Natural Heritage Education program every summer. The NHE program provides quality educatonal and recreational opportunites to all campers through the use of the park Visitor Centre or through one of the parks many wonderful interpretive trails, programs and guided hikes.
Be sure to contact the park regularily throughout the summer to find out what programs are on going by calling (807) 229-1624.
[edit] Local Links and Attractions
Ontario Parks - Neys Provincial Park: [1] The Town of Marathon, Ontario: [2]
