New York Journal American

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One of the New York Journal's most infamous cartoons, depicting Philippine-American War General Jacob H. Smith's order "KILL EVERYONE OVER TEN", from the front page on May 5, 1902.

The New York Journal American was a newspaper published from 1937 to 1966. The Journal American was the product of a merger between two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst: The New York American (originally the New York Journal, renamed American in 1901, published by Hearst 1895-1937), a morning paper, and the New York Evening Journal, an afternoon paper, published 1895-1937. The Journal-American was an afternoon publication. It was at this newspaper that the phrase "Bulldog Edition" was coined: in 1905, Hearst urged his editors to write headlines that would "bite the public like a bulldog." Hearst, the privileged and entitled son of a wealthy mining tycoon, was already established in the newspaper business in San Francisco and ventured to New York to expand his empire.

Having purchased the newspaper, Hearst entered into a circulation war with the New York World, the newspaper run by his former mentor Joseph Pulitzer and from whom he stole both George McManus and Richard F. Outcault. In 1913, McManus created the comic strip, Bringing Up Father and Outcault brought the comic strip "The Yellow Kid" to the New York Journal. This was one of the first comic strips to be printed in color and gave rise to the phrase yellow journalism, used to describe the sensationalist and often dishonest articles which helped, along with a one-cent price tag, to greatly increase circulation of the newspaper. Many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate the Spanish-American War of 1898 to increase sales.

The newspaper had one of the highest circulations in New York in the 1950s but had difficulties attracting advertising^[1] It ceased publishing in 1966, the victim of a general decline in newspaper circulation. While participating in a lock-out after the New York Times and New York Daily News had been struck by a union, the Journal-American agreed to merge with its evening rival, the New York World-Telegram and Sun, and the morning New York Herald-Tribune. The combined New York World Journal Tribune folded after eight months.