Nepenthes mapuluensis

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Nepenthes mapuluensis

Lower pitcher of N. mapuluensis.

Conservation status

Near Threatened

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Nepenthaceae
Genus:	Nepenthes
Species:	N. mapuluensis

Binomial name

Nepenthes mapuluensis
J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1990)

Distribution of N. mapuluensis.

Nepenthes mapuluensis (Latin: Mapulu = Mount Ilas Mapulu, -ensis = from), or the Mapulu Pitcher-Plant,^[1] is a species of tropical pitcher plant native to East Kalimantan, Borneo.^[2] It is known only from a restricted geographical range and is listed as Near Threatened on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.^[3]

1 Discovery and naming
2 Distribution and habitat
3 Description
4 Taxonomy
5 Cultivation
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

[edit] Discovery and naming

N. mapuluensis was first collected in 1957^[I] on Mount Ilas Mapulu by A.J.G. 'Doc' Kostermans, the head of the Botanical Division of the Forestry Research Institute at Bogor, on the same expedition in which he collected the type material of N. campanulata.^[2] The species was described in 1990 by J. H. Adam and C. C. Wilcock based on a single duplicate collection in the Leiden and Bogor herbaria.^[4]^[1]

[edit] Distribution and habitat

The type locality of N. mapuluensis lies at an elevation of 800 m on Mount Ilas Mapulu. The original collector's label reads "the species is common on the limestone mountain of Ilas Mapulu at an altitude of 800 m".^[1] The population from which the type specimen originated was subsequently destroyed and for some time the species was thought to be extinct.^[5] More recently, however, further observations of N. mapuluensis have been made by Troy Davis, Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba, significantly expanding the known range of this species.^[2] This being the case, N. mapuluensis is thought to be endemic to the Sambaliung mountain range in East Kalimantan.^[3]

N. mapuluensis is restricted to limestone substrates and grows in stunted vegetation on low summit ridges.^[2] It has been recorded from elevations of between 700 and 800 m.^[3]

[edit] Description

The stem of N. mapuluensis can measure up to 6 mm in diameter, but the maximum length is unknown. Internodes are cylindrical and up to 4 cm long. The leaves are coriaceous. The lamina is oblanceolate-linear in morphology, up to 26 cm long, and 5 cm wide. The apex of the lamina is acute, while the base is attenuate, sub-petiolate, and semi-amplexicaul. Tendrils grow to 50 cm in length.^[2]

The pitchers of N. mapuluensis are ellipsoidal in shape. They grow to 21 cm in height and 8.5 cm in diameter. The pitchers possess two fringed wings up to 10 mm wide. The peristome of this species is moderately developed and is folded or wavy as in the closely related N. northiana. The peristome may be up to 12 mm wide and bears a row of distinct, but not pronounced, teeth. Aerial or upper pitchers are infundibular throughout and possess reduced fringed wings.^[2]

N. mapuluensis has a racemose inflorescence. The peduncle is up to 7 cm long. The size of the rachis is unknown. Pedicels grow to 8 mm in length.^[2]

The species is mostly glabrous, although other parts of the plant, such as the pitchers, may have a scattered indumentum of short hairs.^[1]^[2]

[edit] Taxonomy

N. mapuluensis is very similar to N. northiana and there is some question as to the validity of its species status.^[2] Although there are few morphological characters separating these two taxa, there seem to be several stable differences that can be used to distinguish between them. Compared to N. northiana, the leaves on the climbing stems of N. mapuluensis are more linear, the pitchers darker in colour, and the upper pitchers narrower.^[2] It is also worth noting that N. northiana is known only from the Bau area of Sarawak, which lies several hundred kilometres away from the only known populations of N. mapuluensis.

[edit] Cultivation

N. mapuluensis is extremely rare in cultivation. It has been artificially crossed with N. ventricosa to produce the hybrid Nepenthes 'Mapulucosa' Hort.Westphal in sched. (2000), although this name is a nomen nudum.^[6]

[edit] Notes

I. ^{^} Kostermans explored Mount Ilas Mapulu between September 20 and September 24, and it was during this time that he collected N. mapuluensis.^[7]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^a ^b ^c Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba (2000). Nepenthes mapuluensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006.
^ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1990. A new Nepenthes from Mount Ilas Mapulu in Borneo. Blumea 35: 265–267.
^ Nerz, J. 1994. Nepenthes-discussion. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List.
^ Carnivorous Plant Database: Nepenthes 'Mapulucosa'
^ Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans