National Council on Disability
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The National Council on Disability (NCD) was initially established in 1978 as an advisory board within the Department of Education. The council is composed of 15 members, appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1984 transformed NCD into an independent agency.
The overall purpose of the agency is to promote policies, programs, practices, and procedures that guarantee equal opportunity for all people with disabilities, regardless of the nature or severity of the disability, and to empower them to achieve economic self-sufficiency, independent living, and inclusion and integration into all aspects of society.
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[edit] Specific Duties
The statutory mandate of NCD includes the following duties:
Review and evaluate federal policies, programs, practices, and procedures concerning people with disabilities, including programs established or assisted under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act.
Review and evaluate all statutes and regulations pertaining to federal programs that assist people with disabilities, to assess their effectiveness in meeting the needs of these people.
Review and evaluate emerging federal, state, local, and private sector policy issues that affect people with disabilities, including the need for and coordination of adult services, access to personal assistance services, school reform efforts and the impact of these efforts on persons with disabilities, access to health care, and policies that operate as disincentives for individuals to seek and retain employment.
Make recommendations to the President, Congress, the Secretary of Education, the Director of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, and other officials of federal agencies regarding ways to promote equal opportunity, economic self-sufficiency, independent living, and inclusion and integration into all aspects of society for Americans with disabilities.
Provide Congress with advice, recommendations, legislative proposals, and other information that NCD or Congress deems appropriate.
Gather information about the implementation, effectiveness, and impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990.
Advise the President, Congress, the Commissioner of the Rehabilitation Services Administration, the Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education, and the Director of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research on the development of programs to be carried out under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.
Advise the Commissioner on the policies and conduct of the Rehabilitation Services Administration.
Make recommendations to the Director of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research on research affecting people with disabilities.
Advise the Interagency Disability Coordinating Council on priorities for its activities and review the recommendations of the council for legislative and administrative changes.
Prepare and submit to the President and Congress an annual report, National Disability Policy: A Progress Report.
[edit] Population Served and Current Activities
Many government agencies deal with issues and programs that affect people with disabilities, but NCD is the only federal agency charged with addressing, analyzing, and making recommendations on issues of public policy that affect people with disabilities regardless of age, disability type, perceived employment potential, economic need, functional ability, veteran status, or other individual circumstance.
NCD recognizes its unique opportunity to facilitate independent living, community integration, and employment opportunities for people with disabilities by ensuring an informed and coordinated approach to address their concerns and eliminate barriers to their active participation in community and family life.
NCD plays a major role in developing disability policy in America. In fact, the agency originally proposed what eventually became ADA.
Key issues include personal assistance services, health care reform, the inclusion of students with disabilities in high-quality programs in typical neighborhood schools, equal employment opportunity, community housing, monitoring the implementation of ADA, improving assistive technology, and ensuring that persons with disabilities, including minorities, fully participate in society.
[edit] History
Twenty-two years ago, a minuscule advisory body in the Department of Education (ED), known then as the National Council on the Handicapped, was elevated to the status of an independent federal agency. The legislation that made what is now called the National Council on Disability (NCD) independent also gave it an ambitious agenda that greatly exceeded its size and modest resources. Among other duties, it was charged with reviewing all federal laws and programs affecting people with disabilities and assessing the extent to which those laws and programs encouraged the establishment of community-based services; promoted full integration in the community, schools, and the workplace; and contributed to the independence and dignity of people with disabilities. NCD was then directed to use this assessment to recommend legislative proposals to increase incentives and eliminate disincentives in federal programs. Finally, NCD was to present this information in a report to the President and Congress. To complete this imposing task, NCD’s 15 Council members and its small staff were given two years.
These responsibilities were in addition to other ongoing, statutorily mandated duties such as establishing general policies for and overseeing research activities sponsored by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR); reviewing and evaluating federal rehabilitation programs; and advising the President, Congress, the Commissioner of Rehabilitation, the appropriate Assistant Secretary of ED, and the Director of NIDRR on the development of programs carried out under the Rehabilitation Act. In periodic revisions to NCD’s statutory mission, Congress has not only continued most of the original duties assigned to NCD but has added more. In 1992, for example, NCD was asked to “review and evaluate on a continuing basis new and emerging disability policy issues affecting individuals with disabilities at the federal, state, and local levels, and in the private sector, including the need for and coordination of adult services, access to personal assistance services, school reform efforts and the impact of such efforts on individuals with disabilities, access to health care, and policies that operate as disincentives for the individuals to seek and retain employment.”
Out of a profound sense of the importance of its mission, unwavering optimism about the future of Americans with disabilities, and perhaps, at times, an underestimation of the massive tasks it undertook, NCD has never shied away from its designated duties. NCD believes that this determination has produced an impressive body of accomplishments. In some ways, NCD has been a “mouse that roared.” NCD is aware that during its 22 years it has been fortunate in having highly capable Council members, officers, and staff as well as the consistent support of Congress and the various administrations it has served.
The period since 1984 has been an important one in the evolution of the status and rights of people with disabilities in the United States. Although the 1970s have been characterized as a shift “from charity to rights,” when individuals with disabilities sought to establish through court cases and protest actions that they were entitled to basic civil and human rights, the past two decades have seen equal opportunity, independent living, integration, and full participation—values specifically adopted in NCD’s statutory purpose—emerge as the official objectives of the Federal Government’s laws, programs, and policies. Such progress has placed NCD front and center in offering recommendations for achieving these objectives and for identifying ways in which current efforts are falling short.
NCD’s key contribution has been to serve as a focal point within the Federal Government for issues affecting people with disabilities. NCD fields thousands of telephone calls, e-mail messages, and letters each year from concerned individuals and organizations, and its award-winning Web site (www.ncd.gov) receives more than 4 million hits annually. NCD disseminates important disability-related information through its monthly NCD Bulletin, special mailings, articles, special reports, annual reports, brochures, position papers, alerts to other disability organizations, the Internet, and ongoing interaction with the news media.
A history of NCD is published as “National Council on Disability: 20 Years of Independence” and can be viewed at NCD: 20 Years of Independence.
[edit] NCD Reports
In addition to the numerous meetings, discussions, consultations, comments, briefings, press events, awards, conferences, and various other activities in which NCD has engaged, NCD has generated a large quantity of documents over the past 20 years. NCD’s award-winning Web site makes available a large selection of different kinds of written products, including news releases, media advisories, articles, presentations, speeches, testimony, audiovisual broadcasts, correspondence, “NCD in the News” updates, and monthly issues of the NCD Bulletin. This section does not attempt to recount or summarize all these diverse documents, although they are often significant and informative. NCD reports can be reviewed and downloaded from National Council on Disability.
[edit] National Council on Disability Members
John Vaughn, Chairperson; Patricia Pound, Vice Chairperson; Glenn B. Anderson, Ph.D., Vice Chairperson.
Milton Aponte, J.D.; Victoria Ray Carlson; Chad Colley; Robert R. Davila, Ph.D.; Barbara Gillcrist; Graham Hill; Young Woo Kang, Ph.D.; Kathleen Martinez; Lisa Mattheiss Anne M. Rader; Marco Rodriguez; Linda Wetters.
