Nadezhda Alliluyeva-Stalina
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Nadezhda Sergeyevna Alliluyeva (Russian: Надежда Сергеевна Аллилуева) (1901 – November 9, 1932) was the second wife of Joseph Stalin.
Nadezhda was the daughter of revolutionary Sergei Alliluyev and his wife Olga. She first met Stalin as a child when her father Sergei Alliluyev sheltered him after one of his escapes from Siberian exile in 1911. [1] After the revolution, Nadezhda worked as a confidential code clerk in Lenin's office. She eschewed fancy dress, make-up and other trappings that she felt un-befitting of a proper Bolshevik. The couple married in 1919, when Stalin was already 41 years old. They had two children together, Vasilii born in 1921, became a figher pilot (C.O. of 32 GIAP) at Stalingrad and Svetlana their daughter was born in 1926. According to her close friend, Polina Molotov, the marriage was strained, and the two constantly fought.
After a public spat with Stalin at a party dinner, Nadezhda was found in her bedroom, a revolver by her side, dead by apparent suicide. [2] Accounts of contemporaries and Stalin's letters indicate that he was deeply disturbed by the event. [3] [4] She is much loved by some Russians; her grave at Novodevichy Cemetery is often covered in flowers. Her grave has also been vandalized, however, probably by enemies of her husband.
Her daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva later emigrated from the Soviet Union and became a noted author.
[edit] References
- ^ he married seventeen-year-old Nadezhda Allilueva in 1919,... She was the daughter of a veteran Marxist railroad worker who, though Russian, found work and a second home in the Caucasus. Later, during Stalin's years of exile, the Alliluev family was a source of constant support and refuge. Nadezhda's mother, who was part Georgian and spoke Russian with a strong accent, ran a Caucasian household. In 1917, Stalin lived from time to time in their apartment and appeared to regain some of the high spirits of his youth.1 For him, they had already become a family before he married young Nadezhda.
- S. Ia. Alliluev, "Moi vospominaniia," Krasnaia letopis' 5 (1923); Alliluev, "Vstrechi s tovarishchem Stalinom," Proletarskaia revoliutsiia 8 (1937); Alliluev, Proidennyi put' (Moscow, 1946); the memoirs of Sergei Alliluev's daughter and Nadezhda's sister, Anna Sergeevna Allilueva, were published in two editions, both in the same year, 1946, as Iz vospominanii, published by Pravda and Vospominaniia, published by Sovietskii pisatel'. Stalin was angered by revelations of his personal life and ordered both editions withdrawn from circulation shortly after they appeared. Svetlana Allilueva, Dvadtsat' pisem k drugu (New York, 1967), 56–57.
- Figure 2: From the Alliluev family album. Stalin's mother-in-law, Ol'ga Evgen'eva Allilueva (1905), and his father-in-law, Sergei Iakovlevich Alliluev (1914), who first met Stalin in Tbilisi in 1904. RGASPI, f.558, op.11, d.1651, nos. 16 and 15.
- Figure 3: From the family album of the Alliluevs. Stalin in 1915 during his Siberian exile and his future wife, Nadezhda Allilueva, taken in 1912, about a year after he met her. RGASPI, f.558, op.11, d.1651, nos. 18 and 22.
- ^ Some time during the evening, over a table of vodka, Georgian wines and simple food — soup, salted fish, maybe some lamb — Stalin and Nadya became angry with each other. He had barely noticed how she had dressed up. Irritated, she started dancing with her louche Georgian godfather, “Uncle Abel” Yenukidze, the official in charge of the Kremlin, who had shocked the party with his affairs with teenage ballerinas. Stalin was flirting with Galya Yegorova, the beautiful wife of a Red Army commander. Galya, 34, was a brash film actress well known for her affairs and risqué dresses.... Certainly Nadya suspected him of having affairs, most recently with a female hairdresser in the Kremlin.... Some accounts claim that, sitting opposite Nadya at the table, Stalin upbraided her for not raising her glass... “Why aren’t you drinking?” he called, tossing orange peel at her. “Hey you! Have a drink!” “My name isn’t ‘hey’!” she retorted, and she stormed out screaming: “Shut up! Shut up!” Molotov’s wife Polina followed her out and calmed her down. When they said good night she seemed “perfectly calm”.
- Extracted from Stalin: The Court Of The Red Tsar by Simon Sebag Montefiore
- ^ He mourned the loss of Nadezhda but also blamed her in bursts of self-pity: "The children will forget her in a few days, but me she has crippled for life."1 2 The death of his wife deprived him of a real and symbolic center to his kinship group. He virtually abandoned Zubalovo and became a wanderer again, shifting his residence from place to place
- "Dnevnik . . . Svanidze," 177. Characteristically, Stalin's reaction was to rage at the world exactly as he had done when his first wife died. Iremaschwili, Stalin, 40–41. His ritualistic mourning of Nadezhda was filled with emotional ambivalence. Allilueva, Dvadtsat' pisem, 99–109.
- Allilueva, Dvadtsat' pisem, 23, 45.
- ^ AMONG the first relatives to arrive were Zhenya and her husband Pavel, who was Nadya’s brother. They were shocked not only by the death of a sister but by the sight of Stalin himself, who had never seemed so vulnerable. He threatened suicide and asked Zhenya: “What’s missing in me?” She temporarily moved in to watch over him. One night she heard screeching and found him lying on a sofa in the half-light, spitting at the wall, which was dripping with trails of saliva
- Extracted from Stalin: The Court Of The Red Tsar by Simon Sebag Montefiore
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