Mzilikazi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Mzilikazi Kumalo | ||
|---|---|---|
| King of Matabeleland | ||
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| King Mzilikazi, as portrayed by Captain William Cornwallis Harris, circa 1836 | ||
| Reign | ca. 1820 - 1868 | |
| Coronation | ca. 1820 | |
| Born | ca. 1790 | |
| Matabeleland | ||
| Died | 9 September 1868 | |
| Matabeleland, buried in a cave at Entumbane, Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe (on 4 November 1868) | ||
| Predecessor | Founder (father murdered; formerly a lieutenant Zulu King Shaka) | |
| Heir-Apparent | Kuruman, son of Mzilikazi and royal wife, went missing. | |
| Successor | Lobengula | |
| Consort | several wives | |
| Issue | Kuruman (son), Lobengula (son), Nkulumane (son), and many others | |
| Royal House | Kumalo Tribe; founder of the Ndebele people | |
| Father | Matshobana KaMangete (c. late 1700s - c. 1820s), | |
| Mother | Nompethu KaZwide, daughter of Chief Zwide of the Ndwandwe people (tribe). | |
Mzilikazi (meaning The Path of blood or The Great Road) (ca. 1790 - 9 September 1868), also sometimes called Mosilikatze, was a Southern African king who founded the Matabele kingdom (Mthwakazi), Matabeleland, in what became Rhodesia and is now Zimbabwe. He was born the son of Matshobana near Mkuze, Zululand (now part of South Africa) and died at Ingama, Matabeleland (near Bulawayo, Zimbabwe). Many consider him to be the greatest Southern African military leader after the Zulu king Shaka. In his autobiography, David Livingstone referred to him as the second most impressive leader he encountered on the African Continent.
He took his tribe, the Khumalo, on an 800 km long journey from Zululand to what is now called Zimbabwe. Along the way he showed considerable statesmanship, as he was able to weld his own people and the many tribes he conquered into a large and ethnically diverse but centralized kingdom.
He was originally a lieutenant of Shaka, but in 1823 he had a quarrel with him and rebelled. Rather than face ritual execution, he fled northwards with his tribe. He first travelled to Mozambique but in 1826 he moved west into the Transvaal due to continued attacks by his enemies. As he conquered the Transvaal he absorbed many members of the conquered Shona and other tribes and established a military despotism. For the next ten years, Mzilikazi dominated the Transvaal.
The Boer began arriving in Tranvaal in 1836, and after several confrontations over the next two years the Ndebele suffered heavy losses. By early 1838, Mzilikazi was forced north across the Limpopo and out of Transvaal altogether. Further attacks first caused him to move west again to present-day Botswana and then later northwards to what is now Zambia in 1837. He was unable to conquer the indigenous Kololo nation there, so travelled southeast to what became known as Matabeleland (situated in the southwest of present-day Zimbabwe) and settled there in 1840.
After his arrival, he organized his followers into a military system with regimental kraals, similar to those of Shaka, which became strong enough to repel the Boer attacks of 1847 - 1851 and force the government of the South African Republic to sign a peace treaty with him in 1852.
While Mzilikazi was generally friendly to European travellers, the discovery of gold in Matabeleland in 1867 brought a flood of settlers which he was unable to control and that led to the eventual downfall of the kingdom under his successor, Lobengula.
