Music of Mexico
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'The music of Mexico is extraordinarily diverse and features a wide range of different musical styles. Many traditional Mexican songs are well-known worldwide, although most of the time their origin in Mexico is not so clear to the non-Mexican listener. The best-known Mexican genre by far is ranchera, interpreted by a band of mariachis. Another important music style is the traditional "norteño," or Northern tunes, which has been the basis for the development of more popular genres such as banda music. Not only are these styles popular in many regions of Mexico. Norteño, similar to Tejano music, arose in the 1830s and 40s in the Rio Grande border region of southern Texas. Influenced by Bohemian immigrant miners, its rhythm was derived from the European polka dance popular during the 1800s. Banda, similar to norteño in musical form, originated from the Mexico state of Sinaloa during the 1960s. Other new styles such as cumbia, pop, and rock have seen increased popularity as the music of Mexico infuses a new generation of young people.
Southern Mexican folk music is centered around marimba, which remains popular in Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Yucatán the traditional Jarana music and dance is popular, as well as the Yucatan's most beloved music genre: the trova (which developed from Caribbean, Colombian and Mayan roots).
Modern Mexican musical styles are also changing Mexican music. Cumbia, pop, hip-hop, and rock, which are heavily influenced by music from the Caribbean islands and the United States, are increasingly becoming popular among Mexican youths.
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[edit] Contemporary genres
Today, there are many popular modern Mexican musical genres. Widely popular country music includes norteño (music)norteño, banda, and duranguense bands, which play rancheras, corridos, and sometimes cumbia. Spanish rock, hip-hop, and electronic music are other modern genres popular among Mexicans.
[edit] Norteño
- No Me Conoces Aun by Palomo is an example of Norteño music.[1]2001
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Norteño (similar to Tex-Mex and Tejano in the United States) almost always has the accordion as the lead instrument, with guitars serving as its roots. Norteño is an outgrowth of corridos which told tales of the Mexican Revolution. In the late 1920s, the corridos entered a golden age when Mexicans on both sides of the border recorded in San Antonio -area hotels, revolutionizing the genre alongside Mexico's political revolution. By the time the golden age ended, Narciso Martínez and Santiago Jimenez had introduced the accordion, which had been introduced by Bohemian miners who immigrated to the United States in the late 19th century. Alongside the accordion came the polka, which, alongside waltzes, chotis and mazurka, mixed with corridos to form norteño in the early 1900s. Although norteño originated in the American state of Texas, it is popular among Mexican Americans from virtually any region of the United States. Later in the century, bands such as Los Tigres del Norte and Los Cadetes de Linares added influences from cumbia, rock music, and other new styles, thus creating a unique new blend in some of their new songs.
[edit] Banda
Bandas music was created with a strong Native American influence and the imitation of military bands that were imported during the reign of emperor Maximillian in the 1800s. It was further popularized during the Mexican Revolution when local authorities and states formed their own bands to play in the town squares. Revolutionary leaders such as Pancho Villa, also took wind bands with them wherever they went. Banda has to this day remained popular throughout the central and northern states. It has however, diversified into different styles due to regions, instruments and modernization. Today people associate banda closer to Sinaloense. This originated in the 1940s when the media distributed Banda el Recodo repertoire as exclusively from Sinaloa when it was actually regional music from all over Mexico.
[edit] Tamborazo Zacatecano
- This song is an example of Tamborazo Zacatecano.[2]
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Tamborazo Zacatecano originated in the state of Zacatecas and translates to Drum-beat from Zacatecas. This banda style is traditionally composed of 2 trumpets, 2 clarinets, a saxophone, a trombone and the essential bass drum. La Marcha De Zacatecas is a perfect example of this type of music.
[edit] Banda Sinaloense
This type of Banda music originated in the state of Sinaloa. Banda Sinaloense experienced international popularity in the 1990s. The most prominent band was Banda el Recodo which is constantly labeled "the mother of all bands". Unlike Tamborazo Zacatecano, Sinaloense's essential instrument is the tuba. Well known artists include:
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[edit] Duranguense
- [3](2003). This song is an example of Duranguense music by Patrulla 81.
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Duranguense (often called el pasito duranguense) is a type of music which originated in the northern Mexican state of Durango. In the United States, it first became popular in Chicago, which has a large community of immigrants from Durango. It has grown to become a popular genre in the US Latino market. This music is based on both brass and wind instruments and includes the melodica, saxophone, trumpet, flute, and drums. Duranguense bands usually play their songs at a rapid, danceable tempo and tend to rely much more on percussion than Sinaloense does. [4] In the 2000s, música duranguense rapidly gained recognition along with banda sinaloense and norteño as a style of Mexican music. Duranguense bands play mainly rancheras, polkas, and cumbias. Some of the most popular artists include:
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[edit] Cumbia
- Vuelta De Bota y Tambo by Sabor Kolombia is an example of Cumbia in Mexico.[5]2005
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The 1980s saw Colombian cumbia become even more popular in Mexico than its native land, and it was by far the dominant genre throughout the decade, before banda overtook it in the 1990s. In the early 1970s and 1980s Mexican bands like Rigo Tovar y su Costa Azul topped the charts, and helped, by the end of the decade, El Gran Silencio and Los Kumbia Kings. Top Artist include:
[edit] RockDuring the 60's and 70's during the PRI government most rock bands were obligated to appear underground, that was the time after Avándaro (a Woodstock-style mexican festival) in which groups like El Tri, Enigma, The Dugs Dugs, Botellita de Jerez, Javier Batiz and many others arose. In that time Carlos Santana got famous after Woodstock. During the 80's and 90's many mexican bands went to the surface and popular rock bands like Molotov, Control Machete, Café Tacuba, Los Caifanes, Maná, and Maldita Vecindad got many followers. The latter are "grandfathers" to the Latin ska movement, with Panteón Rococó as the most prominent band. Mexico City has also a considerable movement of bands playing surf rock inspired in their outfits by local show-sport lucha libre, with Lost Acapulco initiating and leading the movement. Mexico recently has had a "rebirth" of rock music with bands like Moderatto, Allison, Plastilina Mosh, Panda, Motel and Zurdok which have made this genre popular again. [edit] Electronic musicElectronic music in Mexico is mostly centered around dense urban areas or resorts, like Acapulco, Cancún, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla and Tijuana. These cities enjoy frequent rave parties and events, but some also contribute to the movement. Electronic music is by far most popular among young people and has been getting stronger in Mexico over the last ten years. It is heavily influenced by American and European disco music. Several music labels promote this type of music, including Nopalbeat, Abolipop, Advanced Synergy, Soundsister, Involved Records, Discos Konfort, Filtro and Noiselab Collective, Static Discos, and many others. Nortec Collective, from Tijuana, is perhaps the most internationally known electronic music band from Mexico, but other bands exist, including: Other labels:
[edit] Latin alternativeAn electrive range of influences is at the heart of Latin Alternative, a music created by young players who have been raised not only on their parents' music but also on rock, hip-hop and electronica. It represents a sonic shift away from regionalism and points to a new global Latin identity. The name "Latin Alternative" was coined in the late 1990s by record company executives as a way to sell music that was -- literally -- all over the map. It was marketed as an alternative to the slick, highly produced Latin pop that dominated commercial Spanish-language radio, such as Ricky Martin or Shakira. Artists within the genre, such as Kinky and Cafe Tacuba, have set out to defy traditional expectations of Latin music. Now, in an age of Internet connections, downloading and sampling, Latin Alternative has become not just a reaction to outside influences but its own genre. * Latin Alternavite [Fan Site] [edit] Classical musicMexico has a long tradition of classical music, as far back as the 16th century, when it was a Spanish colony. Music of New Spain, especially that of Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla and Hernando Franco, is increasingly recognized as a significant contribution to New World culture. Puebla was a significant center of music composition in the 17th century, as the city had considerable wealth and for a time was presided over by Bishop Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, who was an enthusiastic patron of music. Composers during this period included Bernardo de Peralta Escudero (mostly active around 1640), and also Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla, who was the most famous composer of the 17th century in Mexico. The construction of the cathedral in Puebla made the composition and performance of polychoral music possible, especially compositions in the Venetian polychoral style. Late in the century, Miguel Matheo de Dallo y Lana set the verse of poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. In the 18th century, Manuel de Sumaya, maestro de capilla at the cathedral in Mexico City, wrote many cantadas and villancicos, and he was the first Mexican composing an opera, La Partenope (1711). After him, Ignacio Jerusalem, an Italian-born composer, brought some of the latest operatic styles as well as early classical (galant) styles to Mexico. His best-known composition is probably the Matins for the Virgin of Guadalupe (1764). Jerusalem was maestro de capilla at the cathedral in Mexico City after Sumaya, from 1749 until his death in 1769. In the 19th century the waltzes of Juventino Rosas reached world recognizion. In the 20th century, Carlos Chavez, is a composer of note who wrote symphonies, ballets, and a wide catalogue of chamber music, within variated esthetical orientations. Another recognized composer is Silvestre Revueltas who wrote such pieces as "The night of the mayas", "Homenaje a García Lorca", "Sensemayá" based on a poem by Nicolas Guillen, "Janitzio" and "Redes". Manuel M. Ponce is recognized as an important composer for the Spanish classical guitar, responsible for widening the repertorium for this instrument. Jose Pablo Moncayo with compositions such as "Huapango", and Blas Galindo with "Sones de Mariachi", are also recognized as adapters of Mexican sons into symphonic music. In 1922 Julian Carrillo (violinist, composer, conductor, theoretician and inventor), created the first microtonal system in history of classical music. During subsequent years, he also developed and constructed harps and pianos able to play music in fragments of tone, like fourths, sixths, eighths and sixteenths. His pianos are yet manufactured in Germany, and used to play Carrillo's music, mainly in Europe and Mexico. Other contemporary Mexican composer was Conlon Nancarrow (of American birth), who created a system to play pianola music, using and developing theories of politempo and polimetrics. Some avant-garde composers leading Mexican music during the second half of the 20th century were Alicia Urreta, Manuel Enríquez, Mario Lavista and Julio Estrada. Some of them also contributed to the academic development of music teaching in American universities. Among them, Daniel Catan, Carlos Sanchez-Gutierrez, Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon and Samuel Zyman. [edit] External links
[edit] See also
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