Music of Illinois
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Illinois, which includes Chicago, the third-largest city in the United States, has a wide musical heritage. Chicago is most famously associated with the development of electric (or Chicago-style) blues music. Chicago was also a center of development for early jazz and later for house music, and includes a vibrant hip hop scene. Chicago also has a thriving rock scene that spans the breadth of the rock genre, from huge stadium-filling arena-rock bands to small local indie bands. Chicago has had a significant historical impact on the development of many rock sub-genres including power pop, punk rock, indie rock, emo rock, pop punk, and alternative rock.
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[edit] Blues
Main article: Chicago blues
Chicago blues music was developed as black musicians influenced by Delta blues joined the post-World War II migration to the burgeoning industrial city from the deep south, and, seeking a way to be heard in the raucous clubs, turned to electric guitar and other forms of amplified music. The result was a tough, gritty sound that directly led to the creation of rock and roll. As the style developed, artists and added more instruments and diversification of styles. Key early Chicago blues artists included Howlin' Wolf, Willie Dixon, and Muddy Waters. Chicago would continue to be a hotbed of activity in this genre, with artists including Buddy Guy, Koko Taylor, Junior Wells, Son Seals, and others calling the city home and performing regularly.
[edit] Jazz
Chicago was the first important center of jazz as it left the city of its birth, New Orleans, Louisiana. The name jazz (and its early variations jass or jas) may have first been applied to the music in Chicago in the 1910s, as such hot New Orleans bands as Tom Brown's made a hit up north. New Orleans pioneers together with enthusiastic younger musicians from the Midwest gathered in Chicago. The result has sometimes been called Chicago Style. The saxophone first became a significant instrument in jazz in Chicago, and the city remained the most vibrant and advanced center of the music through the 1920s.
Famous jazz musicians originally from Illinois include Miles Davis (from Alton, Illinois near St. Louis), Benny Goodman, Ramsey Lewis, and Herbie Hancock.
[edit] Electronic music
Main article: Chicago house
Chicago's greatest influence on electronic dance music is its role as the birthplace of house music. The name House music is said to come from the Chicago dance club, the Warehouse, where the legendary Frankie Knuckles DJed. The classic house record label Trax Records was based in Chicago, and put out seminal house records like Jamie Principle & Frankie Knuckles's "Your Love" and Marshall Jefferson's "Move Your Body". Other influential house artists to come out of Chicago include Adonis, Larry Heard, Ron Hardy, Phuture, Robert Owens, and Farley Jackmaster Funk.
[edit] Classical music
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra is Illinois' premier symphonic orchestra and has received widespread recognition for its recordings. The orchestra has received 10 Grammys in the classical album category, more than twice the number of any other group. Classical singer Deborah Voigt was born in the Chicago area.
[edit] Country music
Alison Krauss was part of the revival of bluegrass music in the late 1990s. She grew up in the downstate Illinois city of Champaign. Suzy Bogguss from Aledo in western Illinois had a number of country hits in the 1990s. Gretchen Wilson of Pocahontas, Illinois charted several top ten hits from 2004 to 2006. Illinois is also a center of the shaped note singing revival with the Midwest Sacred Harp convention taking place yearly in Chicago.
[edit] Folk music
Burl Ives helped popularize folk music, with releases beginning in the 1940s. Ives was from downstate Illinois.
Chicago was a focal point for the folk music boom of the 1960s and early 1970s. A center of activity was the Old Town School of Folk Music which opened in the late 1950s and helped launch the careers of many folk musicians associated with the city, including John Prine, Steve Goodman, and Bonnie Koloc.
A large influx of Polish immigrants into Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought Polka music with them; this music evolved into several local styles. The Polka Hall of Fame is located in Chicago, and is home to the International Polka Association which hosts a yearly convention.
[edit] Sunshine Pop
From the years 1966 to 1967, the Chicago area was a key area in the rise of Sunshine Pop, a genre that evolved out of surf-rock and early pop/rock acts such as the Mamas and the Papas. This fad featured bands such as The New Colony Six, The Cryan' Shames, most notably The Buckinghams, among others. The Buckinghams topped the Hot 100 charts in 1966 with their song 'Kind of a Drag'. This fad died with the growth of psychedelia, and so did the popularity of most of these bands.
[edit] Rock and roll
Notable Illinois pop and rock bands include, Styx (whose members originally lived in the Chicago suburbs), Chicago (the original members of which were students at DePaul University in Chicago and hailed from the area, though they moved to Los Angeles before becoming famous), Jim Peterik (who founded Chicago-area band the Ides of March and was later a member of Survivor). Power pop four-some Cheap Trick came from nearby Rockford, Illinois and members of REO Speedwagon hailed from Champaign-Urbana. The Southern and South Central Illinois regions have also produced influential rock, most notabley Head East.
[edit] Punk rock
Main article: Chicago hardcore
The first punk rock club in Chicago was La Mere Vipere, located near DePaul University. Chicago's first punk rock band was The Crucified, who issued their own self-titled EP in 1977. Hated by the locals, La Mere Vipere "mysteriously" burned down in 1978. A gay club called O'Banion's replaced it, and New Wave bands like Special Effect, The Dadistics, Epicycle and Ono played there. Another gay bar, Oz, soon opened and began catering to the burgeoning hardcore punk scene as local bands like Naked Raygun, Big Black, Strike Under and, most famously, The Effigies, formed. The next wave of Chicago hardcore was more pure hardcore, as opposed to incorporating many different influences, and included Articles of Faith and Rights of the Accused.
Growing out of the Chicago hardcore scene was a vibrant industrial music tradition in the mid-1980s. Industrial musicians from Chicago included members of Ministry, My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, and Pailhead.
[edit] Pop Punk
Chicago maintains a thriving pop punk scene. Bands such as Fall Out Boy and Alkaline Trio are prime examples of "second wave" pop-punk musical acts that hail from Chicago. Smoking Popes, another Chicago-area pop-punk band, maintains a small but loyal following throughout the country. The Fireside Bowl provided a venue for many local acts cutting their teeth, and a unique venue for touring bands.
Though they can be considered Garage rock, [[Superchic[k]]] comes straight out of Chicago.
[edit] Alternative rock
Although there was no large alternative music scene in Illinois per se, members of several notable early 1990s alternative rock groups were originally from the state. Soundgarden's Kim Thayil and Bruce Pavitt, the founder of Sub Pop Records, both were from Illinois and Pearl Jam frontman Eddie Vedder was originally from Evanston, Illinois. The guitarist Tom Morello (of the band Rage Against the Machine and currently Audioslave) was originally from Libertyville, Illinois. The members of Smashing Pumpkins were all from the Chicago area and the band's "home" is considered the Cabaret Metro, where many up-and-coming alternative acts play to this day; ironically, the Pumpkins first signed to the Sub Pop indie label for their first album release. Grunge rockers Veruca Salt were also from the city. The band Chevelle originated from Grayslake, Illinois. Wilco, a popular indie rock group formed out of the ashes of Uncle Tupelo, hailed from Southern Illinois.
[edit] Hip hop
Though Chicago has had a large hip-hop scene for decades, relatively few artists have broken out and garnered national attention. A few exceptions in recent years have been Kanye West, Common, Twista, Rhymefest and the growing Lupe Fiasco. On the underground level, Chicago is home to Gravel Records and Mc Juice. Hip hop poets like Kevin Coval and Korean/Asia hip hop poetry fusion I Was Born With Two Tongues originated in Chicago. William Upski Wimsatt also began writing about hip-hop in Chicago. Kill Hannah and Disturbed are also from the Chicago area.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Blush, Steven (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. Los Angeles, CA: Feral House. ISBN 0-92291-571-7.
