Music of Bermuda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Anglophone caribbean music | |
|---|---|
| Timeline and Samples | |
| Pop genres | Calypso - Chutney - Dancehall - Dub - Junkanoo - Ragga - Rapso - Reggae - Ripsaw - Rocksteady - Scratch - Ska - Soca - Spouge - Steelpan |
| Other islands | |
| Aruba and the Dutch Antilles - Cuba - Dominica - Dominican Republic - Haiti - Martinique and Guadeloupe - Puerto Rico - Saint Lucia | |
Bermuda is an Atlantic island, commonly incorrectly called a Caribbean island, and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Its musical output includes pop singers Heather Nova and Eddie DeMello, the latter of whom also owns a music shop in Hamilton, Bermuda.
The island's musical traditions also include steelpan, calypso, choral music, as well as an array of bagpipe music played by descendants of Irish and Scottish settlers; the biggest bagpipe band on modern Bermuda is the Bermuda Islands Pipe Band. Bermuda is also the home of one of the most popular Caribbean music groups in the United States, the Bermuda Strollers.[1]
The islands are also home to gombey dancers, reggae, gospel music, drum majorette bands, jazz and other styles.
Contents |
[edit] Folk music
Bermuda is home to several folk traditions, including pipe bands, the gombey dance and a ballad song.
[edit] Gombey
The gombey dance is an iconic symbol of Bermudan culture. It mixes elements of British, West African and indigenous New World cultures. Dancers are usually male, and perform in groups of 10-30[2] in wild masquerade costumes with brilliant colors and odd angles, meant to evoke the plumage of tropical birds; they are sometimes based on Bible verses. Gombey dances are taught orally, through family members. The dances are energetic, and grow swifter gradually, while the spectators become more wild and energetic. The gombey tradition is at its liveliest during the Christmas season, and is also performed during Boxing Day, Easter, New Year's Day, football and cricket matches and other festivals and celebrations.[3]
The word gombey is related to the Bahamian goombay, a similar dance tradition. It also refers to a specific drum of African origin, and may be related to a Bantu word for rhythm. In addition to the Bahamian goombay tradition, gombey is similar to some other Afro-Caribbean styles and celebrations (such as the Mummers). Afro-Caribbeans brought to Bermuda as slaves or convicts during colonial times introduced other Caribbean traditions. The modern Bermudan gombey is distinguished by the use of the snare drum (generally in pairs), derived from the British use of the instrument.[3] In addition, a kettle drum, a fife are integral parts of gombey accompaniment.[2]
[edit] Ballad
Bermuda's ballad tradition has declined in the 20th and 21st century, though it remains popular among a devoted subculture on the island. The Bermudan ballad is characterized by "wry, self-deprecating humor", often improvised, and concerned with the rapid change of Bermudan culture.[3]
The most famous Bermudan balladeer is Hubert Smith, a popular local composer who performed for many visiting royalty and foreign heads of state. He is also the composer of "Bermuda Is Another World", an unofficial anthem for the island.[3]
[edit] Bagpipe music
Bermuda has a strong Scottish and Irish cultural presence, and is home to well-known bagpipe bands that draw on those traditions, especially the Bermuda Islands Pipe Band. The bagpipe tradition was brought to Bermuda by Scottish and Irish soldiers from the 18th to the 20th centuries.[1]
There were, until relatively recently, two major bagpipe bands in Bermuda, the Bermuda Cadets Pipe Band and the Bermuda Police Pipe Band. Both bands formed in 1955 and disbanded in 1992, the same year the Bermuda Islands Pipe Band was formed. Other historically important bagpipe bands include the Salvation Army Young People's Band, which dates back to the 1930s.[1]
[edit] Choirs
Religious choir singing is also popular on Bermuda. Well-known choirs include the Roman Catholic Diocesan Choir, as well as the non-church choirs Philharmonic Choir, Post Office Choir and the Bermuda School of Music Chamber Choir under the direction of Ryan Ellis.[1]
[edit] Calypso
Calypso first became a part of Bermuda music in the 1940s and 50s. It was imported from Trinidad and Tobago. The Talbot Brothers were the island's first major calypsonians; they organized as a group in 1942, and began touring the United States by the early 1950s.[4]
Norman Luboff followed in the footsteps of Jamaican-American calypso singer Harry Belafonte in popularizing Trinidadian calypso. Luboff de-emphasized the saucy, ribald side of calypso and created a popular form that appealed to the masses. His signature song is "Yellow Bird".[1]
[edit] Steelpan
Steelpan music was invented in the late 1930s Trinidad, and was brought to Bermuda by a number of groups, including the Esso Steel Band, who moved to Bermuda in the 1950s. Esso became known for arranging Western classical music for the steelpan. In the 1960s, local choral traditions were merged with calypso and steelpan to create a distinctively Bermudian style.[1]
[edit] Music institutions
Bermuda is home to the Bermuda Ballet Association, which was founded by Patricia Gray in 1962, with support from Ana Roje. The Bermuda School of Music is a preparatory and continuing education institution for all ages. Other music institutions include the Bermuda National Youth Jazz Ensemble and the Bermuda Philharmonic Orchestra. There is also a Bermuda Folk Club.[1] There is a Portuguese Cultural Association which promotes the culture of the large Portuguese population on Bermuda, especially tradition folk dances of the Azores.[5]
The Bermuda Philharmonic conductor is Gary Burgess, a former opera singer. Bermuda has also produced notable classical musicians in Marcelle Clamens, an opera singer, mezzo-soprano Jane Farge, pianists Peter Carpenter and Karol Sue Reddington, and Joyce Mary Helen DeShield.[1]
[edit] References
- Bermuda's Music and Dance. Bermuda Online. Retrieved on May 27, 2006.
- Bermuda: In Depth: Music. Frommers. Retrieved on June 24, 2006.
[edit] Further reading
- Louise A. Jackson. The Bermuda Gombey: Bermuda's Unique Dance Heritage.
- Judith Watson. Bermuda: Traditions and Tastes.
