Mushing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Mushing also means playing on a MUSH.
- Mushing also can be used to describe the kneading behavior of domestic cats when they are content or are preparing to settle for a nap.
Mushing is a general term for a sport or transport method powered by dogs, and includes carting, pulka, scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled on snow. The term is thought to come from the French word marche, or go, run, the command to the team to commence pulling. "Mush!" is rarely used in modern parlance, however; "Hike!" is more common in English. Mushing can be utilitarian, recreational, or competitive.
Mushing as a sport is practiced worldwide, but primarily in North America and northern Europe. Racing associations such as the International Federation of Sleddog Sports (IFSS) and the International Sled Dog Racing Association (ISDRA) are working toward organizing the sport and in gaining Olympic recognition for mushing. It is the state sport of Alaska.
Although dogsled racing gets more publicity and is seen now as the primary form of mushing, recreational mushing thrives as an unorganized sport providing healthy outdoor form of winter exercise for families.
Mushing for utilitarian purposes includes anything from hauling wood or delivering milk or the mail to rural travel and equipment hauling. Dogs have been replaced by snowmobiles in many places, but some trappers and other isolated users have gone back to sled dogs, finding them safer and more dependable in extreme weather conditions.
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[edit] Equipment
Equipment used in mushing includes at least a dog sled, harnesses for the dogs, and tuglines. Depending on the kind of hitch system used, a towline and necklines may also be used. Greenlandic hunters, for example, use a fan hitch, in which each dog has a separate tugline attached to the sled. The dogs spread out in a fan formation ahead of the sled as they run, and this gives them more room to maneuver over rough ice or other obstacles. The fan hitch is used in treeless areas. The gangline (or towline), a single line to which each dog is attached usually in pairs, keeps the dogs in parallel ahead of the sled, and is better for forested areas and / or narrow trails. The gangline is the setup used for almost all races today, such as the Iditarod and the Open North American Championship, and mandatory for some races. Booties, small sock-like coverings for the dog's feet, are used where ice is sharp and granular or when the team is traveling a long distance, to protect the pads of the foot.
[edit] Type of dog
Dogs used for mushing depend on the particular application: freighting dogs tend to be large and sturdy, racing dogs light and speedy, with long legs. Breeds used for mushing include Alaskan Malamutes, Siberian Huskies, Alaskan huskies, Eurohounds, German Shorthaired Pointers, Greenland Dogs, Canadian Eskimo Dogs, Samoyeds, Chinooks, Seppala Siberian Sleddogs, Japanese Akitas and miscellaneous crossbreeds.
[edit] Dog team members
Dog team members are given titles according to their position in the team relative to the sled. These include leaders or lead dogs, swing dogs, team dogs, and wheelers or wheel dogs.
Lead dogs steer the rest of the team and set the pace. Leaders may be single or double; the latter is more common now, though single leaders used to be more common during the mid-twentieth century. Exceptionally a leader may be unhitched (a loose or free leader) to find the trail for the rest of the team, but the practice is uncommon and is not allowed at races. Qualities for a good lead dog are intelligence, initiative, common sense, and the ability to find a trail in bad conditions.
Swing dogs or point dogs are directly behind the leader (one dog if the team is in single hitch). They swing the rest of the team behind them in turns or curves on the trail. (Some mushers use the term swing dog to denote a team dog.)
Team dogs are those between the wheelers and the swing dogs, and add power to the team. A small team may not have dogs in this position. Alternately, the term may be used to describe any dog in a dog team.
Wheel dogs are those nearest the sled, and a good wheeler must have a relatively calm temperament so as not to be startled by the sled moving just behind it. Strength, steadiness, and ability to help guide the sled around tight curves are qualities valued in "wheelers."
[edit] See also
- Sled dog
- dogsled racing
- Dog sled
- Yukon Quest
- Iditarod
- Femundløpet
- no:Finnmarksløpet - world's northernmost dog-sled race (Norwegian article)
- Carting for dryland mushing
[edit] External links
- Alaska Dog Mushers Association
- New Zealand Federation of Sled Dog Sports
- Canberra Sled Dog Club
- Mushing Magazine
- Photography of Mushing and Arctic Scenes
| Major dog sports |  |
|---|---|
| Agility • Carting • Conformation shows • Disc dog • Dogsled racing • Earthdog trials • Field trials • Flyball • Greyhound racing • Lure coursing • Musical canine freestyle • Mushing • Obedience • Rally obedience • Schutzhund • Sheepdog trials • Tracking |
