Murad I

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	Murad I Ottoman Period

Preceded by Orhan I	Ottoman Sultan 1359–1389	Succeeded by Bayezid I

Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr, "the God-like One") (Turkish:I.Murat Hügavendigâr) (1319 or 1326 – 1389) (Arabic: مراد الأول) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilüfer) and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359.

He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the janissaries and the devşirme recruiting system. He also organised the government of the Divan, the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the kazasker. He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumeli (Europe).

Murad I, Oil on Canvars by Haydar Hatemi

Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karamanid in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371 by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa, the first governor (beylerbey) of Rumeli. In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. In 1389 Murad's army indecisively defeated a Balkan Christian army at the first Battle of Kosovo. After the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Milos Obilic, a Serbian noble who earlier swore that it would be his sword that would kill Murad. (see the conquests of Murad I).

[edit] Marriages and Progeny

Marriages of Murad I:

Gulcicek Hatun - of Greek origin
Maria Thamara Hatun - daughter of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria and Theodora of Wallachia
Pasha Melek Hatun - daughter of Kizil Murad Bey
Fulane Hatun - daughter of Candaroglu

Progeny of Murad I:

Yakub Celebi - (d.1389)
Sultan Bayezid I (b.1354-d.1403)- son of Gulcicek Hatun
Savci Bey - son
Ibrahim Bey - son
Yahshi Bey - son of Gulcicek Hatun
Halil Bey - son
Nefise - daughter
Sultan - daughter

[edit] References

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v • d • e Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Rise (1299–1453)	Osman I - Orhan I - Murad I - Bayezid I - Mehmed I - Murad II - Mehmed II
Growth (1453–1683)	Bayezid II - Selim I - Suleiman I - Selim II - Murad III - Mehmed III - Ahmed I - Mustafa I - Osman II - Murad IV - Ibrahim I - Mehmed IV
Stagnation (1683–1827)	Suleiman II - Ahmed II - Mustafa II - Ahmed III - Mahmud I - Osman III - Mustafa III - Abdul Hamid I - Selim III - Mustafa IV - Mahmud II
Decline (1828–1908)	Abdülmecid - Abdülâziz - Murad V - Abdul Hamid II
Dissolution (1908–1923)	Mehmed V - Mehmed VI