Muli Tibetan Autonomous County
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Muli Tibetan Autonomous County (Chinese: 木里藏族自治县; pinyin: Mùlǐ Zàngzú Zìzhìxiàn; Tibetan: མི་ལི་རང་སྐྱོང་རྫོང་ / smi-li rang-skyong-rdzong)
Muli Tibetan autonomous county lies in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the province of Sichuan. It is a remote, mountainous and forested region with few roads. Its administrative seat is the town of Qiaowa.
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[edit] Geography
Muli county has an area of 13,252km².
The county is characterised by the canyons formed by three rivers flowing from north to south: the Shuiluo River, the Litang River, and the Yalong River that carves out a huge canyon before flowing into the Yangtze River.
[edit] Economy
The main resources in Muli are hydro electric power from the rivers and a wide variety of plants used in traditional Chinese medicine, such as Chinese caterpillar fungus. The remote location and low population have allowed many protected species to survive here, including the white-lipped deer and stump-tailed macaque.
Muli is famous for its gold producing rivers, which are still exploited on a small, non-industrial scale. Its broad expanses of forests were also heavily logged until a logging ban was introduced in 1999. Now most of the local economy is based on agriculture and livestock. Forests include hemlock, cypress, yellow cedars, as well as spruce and fir trees.
Muli is also known for its azalea, rhododendron, and walnut plants.
[edit] Demographics
Muli has approximately 130,000 inhabitants (2003), predominantly Tibetan and Yi. There are also some ethnic Mongol people who settled here after the pacification expeditions of Kublai Khan in the 13th century.
[edit] Ethnic groups in Muli, 2000 census
| Nationality | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Tibetan | 40,312 | 32.39% |
| Yi | 34,489 | 27.71% |
| Han | 27,199 | 21.85% |
| Miao | 8,371 | 6.73% |
| Mongol | 8,035 | 6.46% |
| Naxi | 4,317 | 3.47% |
| Buyei | 988 | 0.79% |
| Zhuang | 403 | 0.32% |
| Lisu | 124 | 0.1% |
| Hui | 91 | 0.07% |
| Bai | 91 | 0.07% |
| Manchu | 15 | 0.01% |
| Others | 27 | 0.02% |
[edit] History
Until 1950 Muli was a semi-independent theocratic kingdom, ruled by a series of hereditary lama kings based at the trio of Yellow (Gelugpa) sect Buddhist monasteries at old Muli, Kulu and Waerdje. These lamaseries were overthrown by the new Communist rulers of China in the 1950s and destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The monastery at old Muli, 120km north of the county seat, once housed more than 700 monks. It was originally built in early Qing Dynasty, took 12 years to build and was completed in the 17th year of the reign of Qing Emperor Shunzhi, around 1600. It was modelled on important lamaseries in Tibet and is said to have contained an impressive golden statue of Gyiwa Qamba Buddha over 10 metres high.
Since 1987 the Muli monastery has been partly restored and now has about 80 young monks in residence. It is near a modern small town called Wachang, located high up on the western edge of the Litang river valley, at about 3000 metres altitude. The other monasteries at Kulu (now known as Kangwu)and Waerdje are still in ruins.
Muli was visited by the botanist and explorer Joseph Rock in the 1920s and 1930s. He befriended the then lama king, Chote Chaba, and used the monastery as a base for exploring and plant collecting in the then unvisited regions of Minya Konka and Yading. Joseph Rock wrote colourful accounts of his encounters with the eccentric lama ruler of Muli in the National Geographic magazine. These are said to have been the inspiration for the writer James Hilton and his novel Lost Horizon, about a remote monastery in the Himalayas.
[edit] References
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| Tibet Autonomous Region | (consists of Lhasa · Nagqu · Qamdo · Shannan · Xigazê · Ngari · Nyingchi) |  |
| in Gansu Province | Gannan · Tianzhu | |
| in Qinghai Province | Haibei · Hainan · Haixi (Mongols and Tibetans) · Huangnan · Golog · Yushu | |
| in Sichuan Province | Garzê · Ngawa (Tibetans and Qiang) · Muli | |
| in Yunnan Province | Dêqên | |
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See also Political divisions of China
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