Mountsorrel

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Mountsorrel village green

For Mount Sorrel, Wiltshire, see Broad Chalke.

Mountsorrel is a village in Leicestershire on the River Soar, just south of Loughborough with a population of just over 6000 inhabitants^[1]. The village is in the borough of Charnwood, surrounding a steep hill, once crowned by a castle, and the River Soar.

The village is renowned for the Buttercross Market in the village centre as well as its granite quarry, the largest in Europe . The Leicester arm of the Grand Union Canal runs through Mountsorrel.

1 History
2 Industry and trade
3 Sporting Teams
4 Notable persons
5 See also
6 References
7 External link

[edit] History

[edit] Early history

A castle was built in 1080 by Hugh Lupus, but there is evidence of an earlier Norman settlement in the area in the form of pottery fragments. A Roman villa is supposed to have existed on Broad Hill during the 4^th Century AD, the site of today's quarry, as quarrying during the late 1800s revealed many artefacts including a preserved wooden bucket ^[2]. However, the first recording of the village was in 1377, when it had a population of 156.

In 1151, the Earl of Leicester and deputy to Henry II of England, Robert le Bossu, who was the Justicar, or Chief Justice of the Peace for the area, acquired the tenancy of Mountsorrel castle.

Whilst the origin of the name 'Mountsorrel' is still not understood fully, it is thought that the English nobility of the time named Mountsorrel after Mountsoreau, a village in France close to Fonevrault, where Henry II was buried. The name Mountsorrel is thought to have developed due to the close likeness of Mountsoreau and Mountsorrel - both settlements sit on rivers, the Loire and the Soar respectively, and are overshadowed by surrounding hills.

Mountsorrel castle was used as a bastion against King Stephen, and was subsequently destroyed in 1217 by the King's men from Nottingham, branded a a nest of the Devil and den of thieves and robbers^[3]. King Louis VIII of France had sent support in the form of 20,000 men to the besieged barons in the castle, but this force had failed to arrive in time to prevent the razing to the ground of the castle. All that remains of the castle today is a granite crag on Castle Hill.

[edit] Recent history

The Soar Valley Leisure Centre.

The village was also visited by Methodist preacher John Wesley, where he preached in a building which now belongs to Stonehurst Family Farm, a tourist attraction. By an act of Parliament passed on 22 July 1782 Henry Walkery of Thurmaston and John Sultzer of Burton Overy were empowered to enclose the open fields and common grounds of Mountsorrel, some 300 acres. The Leicester Navigation was opened in 1794 and the first barges between Loughborough and Leicester departed on 26 October.

Mountsorrel was the site for a hospital for the mentally ill, which had 91 beds in 1979^[4], but this has since closed and been converted to a housing estate.

By 1871, the population was recorded as '150 dwellings' ^[5], and by 1840 the population of Mountsorrel had reached 1900. During World War II, in 1942, Alvis, an armoured vehicle manufacturer based in Coventry, acquired a factory previously used to produce cardboard boxes in the village after their factory in Coventry was bombed by the Luftwaffe. Alvis built a new factory on the site of an old brickworks, which DeHavilland, an aeroplane propeller manufacturer, briefly used after the war until Rolls Royce acquired the site in 1945.

The A6 dual-carriageway Quorn-Mountsorrel Bypass opened in October 1991, allowing quarry traffic to avoid travelling through the village centre. On 31st July 2004 a new leisure centre opened in the village, the Soar Valley Leisure Centre.

[edit] The Butter Market

The Butter Market was built in 1793 by the Lord of the Manor, Sir John Danvers, to replace the 15^th Century Market Cross which he had removed to use on his estate in Swithland, where it still remains.

[edit] Industry and trade

[edit] Market

In 1292, Nicholas de Seagrave became Lord of the Manor and was granted by Edward I the right to hold a market in Mountsorrel each Monday. Seagrave's father, Stephen de Seagrave, was Chief Justice of England at the time, a position of great power, which may explain the granting of such a market.

In addition to the granting of the market, de Seagrave was permitted to hold an annual fair for the eve and morrow of St John the Baptist and 5 days after^[6]. This fair was abolished in 1873 after villagers petitioned, as the legislation licensing the fair allowed anyone displaying a bush over their door to distribute liquor free of any duties.

By the 18^th and 19^th centuries, Mountsorrel market had become increasingly important, with trade in raw wool, leather and woollen yarn, horses and cattle as well as 'Mountsorrel gloves', once as highly regarded as gloves from Woodstock and Oxford, being common.

[edit] Quarry

As early as 1860, there was a branch line from the railway to the quarry, whose path is still followed by a mineral conveyor to Barrow-upon-Soar, where quarry rock is sorted for distribution. Organised quarrying of the granite in Mountsorrel Quarry began in the late 18^th century, and had around 500 employees by 1870. In 1872, the Mountsorrel Granite Company acquired the rights to quarry the area from the Broad Hill quarry, and a hospital had become established in the village to deal with those made ill by the dust created by the quarrying.

Mountsorrel is home to the largest granite quarry in Europe, with an area of 785,400m² ^[7]. The granite, technically horneblende granite, is primarily used in construction and road-repair. The quarry produces approximately 10 million tonnes per annum with reserves of 180 million tonnes of granite, making it the largest producing quarry in Europe ^[8] in 1997 .

The quarry was run by Redland Quarries until its acquisition by LaFarge in the 1990s. The quarry itself is home to the common lizard, an endangered species ^[9].

[edit] Rolls-Royce

Rolls-Royce acquired a factory previously used by an aircraft propeller manufacturer after World War Two in 1945. The factory, officially known as 'Rolls-Royce Mountsorrel' ^[10], became a specialist production factory for 'structural and high temperature fabrications', advising on new designs of both aircraft and cars for Rolls-Royce.

During a heatwave on 13 May 1959, the manufacturing area of the factory was heavily damaged but the design department was left undamaged.

In 1969, the Mountsorrel Rolls-Royce factory designed and produced the RB211 engine for the Lockheed Tristar, and during the 1970s the factory employed 1200 people, but it was shut in 1994 as production methods changed. The site has since been replaced by a housing estate.

[edit] Sporting Teams

Mountsorrel Castle Cricket Club is a cricket club founded c.1880. It currently fields two teams in the ECB Everards Leicestershire Cricket League. Since 2006 the club has also fielded a Sunday friendly team.