Mormon missionary

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A Mormon missionary is a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS church), more commonly known as the Mormon Church. The LDS church is one of the most active modern practitioners of missionary work, with over 50,000 full time missionaries worldwide ^[1]. Most Mormon missionaries are single young men and women in their early twenties, who are assigned to a mission usually far from home. They do not receive a salary, as they are volunteers.

Contents 1 Preparation to serve 1.1 Cost 1.2 Training 1.3 Dress and grooming 1.4 Name tag 2 Organization 2.1 Relationships and marital status 2.2 Types of missionaries 3 Coming of age 4 Literature 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

[edit] Preparation to serve

President Spencer W. Kimball said "Every young man should fill a mission".^[2] Young men between the ages of 19 and 26 who are considered worthy (follow the teachings of the church), are strongly encouraged to consider a two-year, full-time proselyting mission. This is based in part on the New Testament passage "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations..." (Matt. 28: 19-20). Women who would like to serve a mission must be at least 21 and generally serve 18-month missions. Elderly, retired couples are encouraged to serve missions as well, but their length of service varies from 3 to 36 months.

After application to the church and the requisite approval, prospective missionaries receive a "call to serve"—an official notification of their location assignment—through the mail from the President of the Church, assigning them to a specific area and responsibility of service. Members of the Quorum of the Twelve are responsible for assigning missionaries, through continuing revelation, to various areas of service, both domestic and foreign.

Before beginning their mission, prospective male missionaries are ordained to the office of an Elder in the Melchizedek Priesthood (if they do not hold this office already). All missionaries are "set apart" by the laying on of hands (through a priesthood blessing) to preach the gospel. They also go to the temple for the first time to receive their Endowment if they have not already done so.

[edit] Cost

Missionaries are expected to pay their own expenses while on the mission, often with assistance from family and friends. In the past, each missionary paid his or her actual living expenses, but this approach created a disproportionate burden on missionaries who were assigned to more expensive areas of the world. In 1990 a new program was introduced to equalize the financial responsibility for each missionary and his/her family. Now, all young missionaries pay a flat monthly rate which is then redistributed according to regional costs of living. The cost of a mission as of January 2006 is USD$400 per month, which covers food, lodging, transportation, and personal items. As families now contribute to a general fund for missionary expenses, the sum is deductible under US Internal Revenue Service policies regarding charitable gifts.

This amount may vary depending on where the missionary's home is. Those who originate from the United States must provide for the monthly $400 contribution; however, a missionary from a different country, perhaps South America or Africa, will need to contribute significantly less, regardless of where the mission assignment is to. This makes it easier for those of various economic background to serve.^{[citation needed]}

Young people in the church are encouraged to save money throughout their childhood and teenage years to pay as much of this as they can, although nearly all receive assistance from family (usually parents). Missionaries who cannot raise the needed funds may obtain assistance first from their home congregation or from a fund operated by the church and contributed to by members. In some cases, the general missionary fund is used to pay for missionaries' expenses, but the church discourages relying on this fund and prefers missionaries to pay their missions themselves (this particular church fund is made up of contributions from church membership and monies are generally not taken from tithing or other Church funds). Elderly couple missionaries pay their own costs. ^[3]

Church members have often invited locally-assigned missionaries over for dinner from time to time since the Church's inception. While these invitations are appreciated, in some areas, invitations can be infrequent. In an effort to further defray costs for missions, in the 1990s, the Church recommended in some areas (such as those parts of the Western United States with relatively-high concentrations of church membership) that ward members should provide lunch and dinner for the local missionaries. Coordination of this effort is handled through the weekly church meetings, and is not a general policy. In some other areas, missionaries are asked to politely decline dinner invitations unless they come from less active members, investigators, recent converts or if a non-member is present.

[edit] Training

Newly called missionaries attend a short training period at one of almost two dozen Church Missionary Training Centers (MTCs). The largest MTC ^[4] is located in Provo, Utah^[5] adjacent to Brigham Young University. Missionaries who will not be learning a language in order to serve their missions spend three weeks at the MTC and are trained in the use of proselytizing materials, taught expected conduct, and study the scriptures. Missionaries bound for foreign-language missions spend longer periods at the MTC—eight to thirteen weeks (depending on the language to be learned). During this period, they are encouraged not to speak in their native tongue but rather to immerse themselves in the new language. Other MTC campuses exist in other parts of the world (usually where there are denser populations of returned missionaries to teach) for missionaries serving in their native countries outside the US.

MTCs and their teaching methods have reportedly been studied by various organizations because of the rapid ability of the missionaries to learn a foreign language in the setting.^{[citation needed]}

Missionaries generally stay in the same general location for their entire mission. They are, however, relocated (or "transferred") within this region every few months. This area is called a "mission" and is an official geographical area recognized and administered by the Church.

[edit] Dress and grooming

Full-time proselytizing missionaries are required to adhere to a dress code: for men, conservative, dark trousers and suit coats, white dress shirts, and ties are generally required. For women, modest and professional dresses or blouses and skirts must be worn. In some areas this standard is altered slightly. For example, in hot, humid climates, suit coats are not required and shirts may be short-sleeved. Casual clothes may be worn when providing manual labor or during "preparation day" (often called "P-day" by missionaries) when the missionaries are involved in recreation, or do their cleaning, shopping, and laundry, but is also the clothing of choice in very poor areas as to not give the wrong impression of worldly wealth.

[edit] Name tag

All full-time missionaries wear a name tag that gives their name with the appropriate title ("Elder" or "Sister" in English-speaking areas) and bears the church's name, unless the mission president considers this inadvisable due to circumstances in the area (e.g., political situation). This widely visible uniform, worn by the active missionary force of the LDS church clearly identifies them as LDS missionaries as they go about their work.

[edit] Organization

As of December 31, 2005, there were 52,060 Mormon missionaries serving in 338 missions both in the United States and abroad. Their work, often in cooperation with local members, resulted in 243,108 convert baptisms in 2005^[6]. As a measure of missionary effectiveness, there is some concern within the LDS Church that the number of convert baptisms per missionary per year has fallen from a high of 8.03 in 1989 to just 4.67 in 2005.^{[citation needed]} A mission is a geographic area defined by the Church. There is no set size for a mission, but they often encompass large areas which may encompass several stakes (another Church organizational unit, which comprises several congregations or wards). In the United States, missions often ignore state boundaries and may encompass areas in multiple states.

Most missions are divided into several zones, a zone being a geographic area specified by the Mission President. A zone encompasses several more organizational units called districts. Each zone and district is presided over by leaders drawn from missionaries serving in that area. Zone and district leaders are responsible for gathering weekly statistics and assisting companionships in their units. A district typically encompasses two to four companionships, and may or may not comprise more than one proselytizing area. A companionship, assigned to a proselytizing area, is the smallest organizational unit of a mission. A companionship is comprised of two missionaries, occasionally three in special circumstances and for typically short lengths of time.

In addition to the leaders mentioned above, the Mission President has two assistants. Assistants to the President (AP) are missionaries who have typically previously served as district or zone leaders. They assist the President in administering policies and helping missionaries throughout the mission. Sometimes a missionary who serves as an AP fulfills his position and returns to full time proselytizing before completing his missionary service.

Companionships live together and are to be aware of their companion's whereabouts at all times. This includes being within eye-shot of them almost constantly. Companions share the same living quarters and the same bedroom (but not the same bed, except in the case of married missionary couples). When companions have conflicting personalities or interests, they are encouraged to try to resolve them themselves. If unable to, leaders may be used to help resolve the differences. Sometimes the only resolution is transferring one of the missionaries. Companionships can last from weeks to months. They are dissolved when one or both missionaries are transferred to another area.

Missionary companions are directed to stay together at all times, unless accompanied by a missionary from another companionship. Missionaries often go on exchanges (sometimes referred to as "splits" or "team-ups") with church members, teaching or "making contacts" while accompanied by a church member. This allows the companionship to accomplish more work in the same time. These arrangements typically last from one to three hours, once or twice a week. Recently this practice of "splitting" has ended and missionaries have been asked to always stay together now, although "team-ups" with one member to form a temporary companionship of three is still encouraged to help missionaries with the need for transportation to visit contacts further away from their typical work area.

[edit] Relationships and marital status

Single missionaries are prohibited from dating or courting while serving missions. The requirement of companions to stay together at all times discourages this activity. While missionaries may interact with members of the opposite sex, they may never be alone with them or engage in any kind of intimate activity (e.g. kissing, holding hands, flirting). Missionaries are also asked to not visit with members of the opposite sex past an initial first visit. If further visits are required, those contacts are either handed over to a companionship of the same gender as the contact, or the presence of a third companion of the same gender as the missionaries is required.

Missionaries may have heterosexual (non-sexual) relationships with someone back home, but they are prohibited from meeting with them or calling them while serving their missions. They may write them once a week by postal mail. They also write family members and other relatives, this can be done by either postal or electronic mail depending on location (many missionaries are located in areas where postal mail is not reliable). However, missionaries often end their relationships before serving their missions, as many see it as the best option for both parties involved.^{[citation needed]} Some missionaries, on the other hand, choose to continue their relationships (through writing letters) while on their missions. This can, of course, lead to the dreaded "Dear John" letter, since the missionary is not dating, but their love interest back home is.

In the early days of the church, young men were called to serve missions regardless of marital status. Today, however, married men are not expected to serve missions, unless specifically called to oversee a mission as a mission president (a three-year appointment), or in local areas to assist full-time missionaries. A call to be a mission president is typically extended to the couple, and in turn, the entire family.

Older, retired couples are also encouraged to serve missions and may serve as long as they desire (typically from one to two years). Many older couples have been known to serve several (sometimes consecutive) missions, which may include proselytizing, service, genealogical, temple work, historical re-enactment, or work to fulfil various other needs of the Church.

[edit] Types of missionaries

The most visible (and most common type of) missionaries are typically those who proselyte door-to-door and ride bicycles for transportation, but not all missionaries engage in these activities. There are "service missionaries" who solely volunteer in impoverished areas, do genealogical research, and/or are tour guides or hosts at Temple Square and other church sites. In many areas, even proselytizing missionaries spend most of their day responding to incoming phone calls and queries, delivering requested media from the Church's television commercials. Many missionaries also use public transportation, walk, or in some areas drive automobiles owned by the Church. The LDS Church also has a strong welfare and humanitarian missionary program. These humanitarian missionaries typically serve in poor and third world countries and do not actively proselytize and sometimes do not even wear any identifying tags if local law forbids it. This allows them to operate in countries where religious organizations are typically forbidden, such as in Arab countries or in Southeast Asia. Regular proselytizing missionaries are asked to engage in welfare activities and community service for at least four hours a week.

While most people think of young, clean cut men and women, many older, retired members of the LDS Church also undertake missions. These missionaries are often referred to as senior missionaries or couple missionaries. These men and women often serve as married couples and can serve as proselytizing or service missionaries.

Elderly single men and women can also serve missions, and frequently do so as tour guides or volunteers at Church-owned canneries or other humanitarian facilities; however, neither couple missionaries, nor older, single missionaries are under the same strict guidelines as the young missionaries.

[edit] Coming of age

Completing a mission is often seen as a rite of passage or crucible for young LDS men, and most tend to regard it as a positive event: The phrase "the best two years of my life" is a common cliché among returned missionaries when describing their experience. Recent changes in church policy however discourage the "coming of age" philosophy in order to discourage those who may serve missions out of purely cultural, familial or social expectations.

[edit] Literature

• Groberg, John H. In the Eye of the Storm (Deseret Book) which was made in to a movie, The Other Side of Heaven. The book has been re-released under this title, The Other Side of Heaven
• Driggs, Ken Evil Among Us: The Texas Mormon Missionary Murders Signature Books

[edit] References

1. ^ The Missionary Program from LDS.org, The Church's official website
2. ^ "When the World Will Be Converted" from LDS.org
3. ^ "Frequently asked questions" from Mission and Service Opportunities for Senior Adults and Recommended Young Adults at the lds.org website
4. ^ "A message from the President of the Missionary Training Center"
5. ^ "Missionary Training Center (Provo, UT) home page
6. ^ "Statistical Report, 2005" in May 2006 Ensign, LDS.org

[edit] See also

• The Best Two Years
• Get the Fire
• God's Army
• God's Army 2: States of Grace
• Latter Days
• Missions of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• The Other Side of Heaven
• Returned missionary
• Senior Missionaries

[edit] External links

• The Official LDS MTC website
• LDS Missionary Training Centers article
• LDS Mission Network - A comprehensive index of LDS missionary alumni web sites
• Articles about mormon missionaries
• "Preach My Gospel" - The guide currently used by Mormon missionaries
• "Mormon Missionaries, the Vatican, and Respect" article by Cooper Johnson from FAIRLDS.org
• Brief History of Mormon Missionary Work
• Temple Square Mission on YouTube
• Missionary (Mormon) Training Center (MTC) on YouTube