Montreal Symphony Orchestra

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The Montreal Symphony Orchestra (MSO) (in French: Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (OSM)) is a major orchestra based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, with Montreal's Place des Arts as its home. It is one of the foremost orchestral ensembles in the world.

There have been a number of organizations with this name, including one formed in 1897, which lasted ten years, and another formed in 1930, which lasted eleven. The current ensemble, however, traces its roots back to 1934, when Wilfrid Pelletier formed an ensemble called Les Concerts Symphoniques. It changed to its current name in 1954. In the early 1960s, when the Orchestra was preparing to move to new facilities at Place des Arts, patron and prominent Montreal philanthropist, John Wilson McConnell, purchased the 1727 Laub-Petschnikoff Stradivarius violin for Calvin Sieb, the Symphony's concertmaster.

Though it began touring and recording modestly in the 1960s and early 1970s under the batons of a young Zubin Mehta and Franz-Paul Decker, the MSO became a household name under the directorship of Charles Dutoit, who became music director in 1977 after the brief tenure and jolting departure of Rafael Fruhbeck de Burgos. Dutoit struck up a friendship with a producer at London/Decca records named Ray Minshull, and a twenty-year collaboration was born. Throughout much of the 1980s and 1990s, Dutoit and the MSO released many well-received recordings and embarked on tours of North America, Europe, Asia, and South America. Most notable among this vast discography are the recordings of the French repertoire, especially the music of Maurice Ravel.

In recent years, the MSO has fallen on tough times. The London/Decca recordings ceased in the late 1990s as the entire recording industry was turned upside-down, and the international tours dried up soon afterward. Then, in 2002, the MSO suffered the abrupt resignation of Charles Dutoit as music director. History has a tendency to repeat itself, and Dutoit's departure, like that of his predecessor Fruhbeck a quarter of a century earlier, occurred due to a minor spat pitting the ego of the individual against the ego of the collective. Here, the resignation was ultimately the result of an inflammatory public letter written by the head of the Quebec musicians' guild on behalf of the MSO's musicians. This letter, precipitated by Dutoit's decision to begin termination proceedings on two MSO musicians for artistic reasons, publicly aired years of bottled-up hostility, accusing Dutoit of being a tyrant and portraying the musicians as battered spouses.

In March 2003, the orchestra announced that Kent Nagano would be its new music director starting in 2006, with a contract running to 2012. He gave his first concert in Montreal as music director-designate on March 30, 2005. Later in 2005, the MSO's musicians went on strike for the second time in less than a decade. Unlike the 1998 strike, which lasted a mere three weeks and was resolved largely due to the personal relationship between Dutoit and Lucien Bouchard, then the premier of Quebec, this much more acrimonious work stoppage lasted five months, ending shortly before concerts to be conducted by Nagano.

The MSO and Charles Dutoit have received accolades for their numerous recordings, including the Grand Prix du Président de la République (France) and the Prix mondial du Disque de Montreux. The MSO won Grammy awards in 1996 for their recording of Hector Berlioz' Les Troyens and in 2000 for Prokofiev and Bartók piano concerti with Martha Argerich on EMI, and additionally it has also won a number of Juno and Felix awards.